In haplochromine cichlids, female mate choice based on male nuptial coloration has played an important role in speciation. Recent studies suggest that male coloration strongly influences the distribution of these fishes based on male-male aggression; males direct more aggression towards similarly coloured opponents while tolerating differently coloured individuals. We explored the role of male ...

The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of the Wagner-Leith passive aerosol sampler to measure indoor exposures over periods of 24 hours to 2 weeks. An automated analysis technique was developed so that lower aerosol concentrations could be sampled over shorter time periods. A test of the new analytical method against a manual method showed good agreement. The passive sampler ...

The mainly used local islanding detection methods may be classified as active and passive methods. Passive methods do not perturb the system but they have larger nondetection zones, whereas active methods have smaller nondetection zones but they perturb the system. In this paper, a new hybrid method is proposed to solve this problem. An over/undervoltage (passive method) has been used to initia...

In our previous works, we have proposed “virtual passive dynamic walking” utilizing modified gravity condition with virtual gravity field. The virtual passive walking motion critically depends on the physical parameters and the steady walking pattern is not easily obtained without suitable physical parameters. Based on the observation, in this paper we propose more generalized method of virtual...

background: while in the open air the amount of radon gas is very small and does not pose a health risk, in confined spaces, radon can accumulate to relatively high levels and become a health hazard. exposure to high levels of radon has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, depending on the time length of exposure. radon level in dwelling of shiraz with 1,200,000 populations ha...

A neural network--based adaptive passive output feedback control problem is studied for a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities and unknown parameters. Neural networks are used to identify unknown nonlinearities, and the update laws of weight parameters and constant parameters are proposed. The design methods of the adaptive passive controllers for this...

Hydraulic systems, as power sources and transmissions, offer many advantages over electromechanical or purely mechanical counterparts in terms of power density, flexibility, and portability. Many hydraulic systems require touching and contacting the physical environments; and many of these systems are directly controlled by humans. If hydraulic systems are passive, they would be both safer to i...

Dynamically stable biped robots mimicking human locomotion have received significant attention over the last few decades. Formerly, the existence of stable periodic gaits for straight walking of passive biped walkers was well known and investigated as the notion of passive dynamic walking. This study is aimed to elaborate this notion in the case of three dimensional (3D) walking and extend it f...