Coralline algae are a significant component of the benthic ecosystem. Their ability to withstand physical stresses in high energy environments relies on their skeletal structure which is composed of high Mg-calcite. High Mg-calcite is, however, the most soluble form of calcium carbonate and therefore potentially vulnerable to the change in carbonate chemistry resulting from the absorption of an...

Recent advances in the study of ionic liquids based gel polymer electrolytes have been briefly reviewed in view of their electrochemical applications, particularly, their application as electrolytes in supercapacitors. The incorporation of ionic liquids in gel polymer electrolytes, instead of organic solvents like propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, etc., provide added effect in terms of t...

An increase in volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration (or the proportional decrease in carbonate alkalinity concentration) is the first practical measurable indication that an anaerobic treatment system is in a state of stress. If the system is not rectified at this early stage, failure is likely. Current methods for VFA measurement include distillation, colorimetry, gas chromatography and va...

Carbonate communities: The activity of anaerobic methane oxidizing microbes facilitates precipitation of vast quantities of authigenic carbonate at methane seeps. Here we demonstrate the significant role of carbonate rocks in promoting diversity by providing unique habitat and food resources for macrofaunal assemblages at seeps on the Costa Rica margin (400-1850 m). The attendant fauna is surpr...

Abstract Carbonate melts have been proposed to exist in the lower mantle, but their interaction with other mantle melt compositions is poorly understood. To understand miscibility carbonate‐silicate‐metal system, we simulate endmember, binary, and ternary mixtures study how Gibbs free energies of mixing evolve pressure. We find that carbonate‐metal carbonate‐silicate gaps close increasing press...

Stability relations of malachite and azurite are calculated and shown in Eh-pH diagrams, using AF (Gibbs free energy) values listed in Garrels and Christ (1965). The malachite/azurite transition is very sensitive to small chemical changes in the environment: equilibrium is reached at Pco2 = 10-a4s atm., i.e. close to normal values, whereas the precipitation of both minerals from cupric-ion-bear...

The titaniumoxoanion complex [(Et2O)2Li][OTi(N[ tBu]3,5-Me2C6H3)3] ([(Et2O)2Li][1]) reactswithCO2 indiethyl ether to form the carbonate complex ([Li][O2COTi(N[ tBu]3,5-Me2C6H3)3])6 ([Li][2]). The solidstate structure of complex [Li][2] is a hexamer with a hexagonal prismatic core comprised of six lithium cations bridgedby the carbonate functionality. In themonomeric subunits of [Li][2], the car...

The influence of temperature (5, 10, 22 and 30 °C) on the long-term (30 days) sorption of Mn(2+) by viable Shewanella putrefaciens was studied by FTIR and EXAFS. The additional Mn-removal capacity of these bacteria was found to result from the surface precipitation of Mn-containing inorganic phases. The chemical composition of the Mn-containing precipitates is temperature and contact-time depen...

Even though a lot of research has been carried out concerning the preparation of carbonate apatite (CHA), they were related to CHA in the form of powder. In the present study, macroporous CHA bone substitutes were prepared through composition-transformation of gypsum and Ca-hydroxide. Here, we investigated the effect of added Ca-hydroxide to gypsum, carbonation periods, and hydrothermal tempera...