In this study, we investigated whether the objective depth-of-focus (DOF) is different from the subjective DOF and whether it correlates to accommodative microfluctuations (AMF). The objective DOF and subjective DOF at 1.5 D accommodative stimulus (AS) level were compared in the same group of subjects. The objective DOF and magnitude of AMF were measured at 5 AS levels from 0 D to 4 D. Results ...

Wagner: This is a case of infantile esotropia. Six weeks following a 6-mm recession of the right and left medial rectus muscles in a 7-month-old infant with typical infantile esotropia findings and no vertical deviation at all, you find a residual esotropia of 12 prism diopters. Dr. Wang, what is your management at this time? Wang: Is the 12 diopters distance, near, or both? Wagner: We’ll say i...

Purpose: To provide a summary of the most recent evidence-based data on the paediatric refractive surgery. Methods: A review of the published studies from 1990 to 2015 was undertaken with emphasis on recent articles from 2010 to 2015. Results: Searching Scopus and PubMed, using the keywords of refractive surgery, phakic, paediatric, IOL, children and amblyopia alone or in various combinations y...

PURPOSE To explore the attachments of the posterior zonule and vitreous in relation to accommodation and presbyopia in monkeys and humans. METHODS Novel scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) techniques were used to visualize the anterior, intermediate, and posterior vitreous zonule and their connections to the ciliary body, vitreous membrane, lens capsule, and ...

Abstract Background Strabismus is the leading risk factor for amblyopia, which should be early detected minimized visual impairment. However, traditional school screening strabismus can challenged due to several factors, most notably training, mobility and cost. The purpose of our study evaluate feasibility using a smartphone application in vision detection strabismus. Methods beta application,...

INTRODUCTION Cyclic esotropia is a rare form of strabismus consisting of regular intervals of esotropia alternating with periods of orthophoria in a rhythmic/cyclic manner. In the vast majority of cases, surgery appears to permanently correct the esotropia, with no sequelae after years of follow-up. We report a case of consecutive exotropia in a patient five years after bilateral medial rectus ...

PURPOSE To investigate the nature of early ocular misalignments in human infants to determine whether they can provide insight into the etiology of esotropia and, in particular, to examine the correlates of misalignments. METHODS A remote haploscopic photorefraction system was used to measure accommodation and vergence in 146 infants between 0 and 12 months of age. Infants underwent photorefr...