Properties encompassed by host-pathogen interaction networks have potential to give valuable insight into the evolution of specialization and coevolutionary dynamics in host-pathogen interactions. However, network approaches have been rarely utilized in previous studies of host and pathogen phenotypic variation. Here we applied quantitative analyses to eight networks derived from spatially and ...

Some endophytes can synthesize molecules that elicit the induction of plant resistance to infection by pathogens. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that protein fractions 42 and 75 from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus pumilus were capable of acting as elicitors of induced resistance in tomato plants against Xanthomonas vesicatoria, following partial resolution by gel-filtra...

The refuge plus high-dose strategy for resistance management assumes that the frequency of resistance alleles is low. We used an F2 screen to estimate the frequency of resistance to transgenic corn that produces Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Cry1Ab toxin (Bt corn) in an Iowa population of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). We also proposed a modification to the statistical anal...

Aiming at the problem that changes of nonlinear dynamic resistance of stator affect the performance of speed sensorless vector control system, a hybrid computing intelligence approach is used in the identification of stator resistance of motorized spindle. The partial least squares (PLS) regression is combined with neural network to solve the problem of few samples and multi-correlation of vari...

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement lung cancer responds to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It is known that many cases ultimately acquired resistance to crizotinib. However, a case of primary resistance is rare. We present a case of harboring exon 19 deletion in epidermal growth factor receptor in ALK rearranged lung adenocarcinoma, who experienced a partial tumor response to icotin...

Stagonospora nodorum blotch is an important foliar and glume disease in cereals. Inheritance of resistance in wheat appears to be quantitative. To date, breeding of partially resistant cultivars has been the only effective way to combat this pathogen. The partial resistance components, namely length of incubation period, disease severity, and length of latent period, were evaluated on a populat...