Abstract. Starting from the observation that Friedman’s partial dependence plot has exactly the same formula as Pearl’s back-door adjustment, we explore the possibility of extracting causal information from black-box models trained by machine learning algorithms. There are three requirements to make causal interpretations: a model with good predictive performance, some domain knowledge in the f...

background: obesity is a common health problem around the world. studies have shown inverse relationship between serum vitamin d levels with obesity among patients and healthy population. the aim of this present study is to examine the relationship between serum vitamin d levels with general and abdominal obesity among migraine patients. methods: the present study is a cross‑sectional and 66 mi...

BACKGROUND A link between severe mental stress and shorter telomere length (TL) has been suggested. We analysed the impact of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on TL in the general population and postulated a dose-dependent TL association in subjects suffering from partial PTSD compared to full PTSD. METHODS Data are derived from the population-based KORA F4 study (2006-2008), located in s...

In this paper, two classes of discrete myopic adjustment dynamics are mainly considered under some fairly general and reasonable assumptions in an oligopolistic industry where all firms produce a homogeneous product. Hosomatsu’s lemma is firstly generalized in the sense that a necessary and sufficient condition for stability in a variety of discrete systems is derived for a much larger range of...

The present article describes the development and initial validation of the Inventory of Microaggressions Against Black Individuals (IMABI) using a sample of 385 undergraduates who self-identified as Black or African American. The IMABI is a 14-item, unidimensional measure of racial microaggressions that captures both microinsults and microinvalidations. The present findings support the IMABI a...

The psychological capacity to recognize that others may hold and act on false beliefs has been proposed to reflect an evolved, species-typical adaptation for social reasoning in humans; however, controversy surrounds the developmental timing and universality of this trait. Cross-cultural studies using elicited-response tasks indicate that the age at which children begin to understand false beli...

Well-adjusted individuals are highly judgeable in that their personalities tend to be seen more accurately than the personalities of less adjusted individuals (Colvin, 1993a, 1993b; Human & Biesanz, 2011a). The mechanisms behind this effect, however, are not well understood. How does adjustment facilitate judgeability? In the present video-perceptions study, we examined potential mechanisms thr...

The study of social and emotional development is recognized for its complexity. To better understand developmental norms, and deviations thereof, researchers typically focus on individual (e.g., temperament), interactional (e.g., parenting behaviors), and relational (e.g., attachment, friendship) levels of analysis. Often forgotten, however, is the extent to which cultural beliefs and norms pla...