In this study we analyze and compare the trends in codon usage in five representative species of kinetoplastid protozoans (Crithidia fasciculata, Leishmania donovani, L. major, Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei), with the purpose of investigating the processes underlying these trends. A principal component analysis shows that the G+C content at the third codon position represents the main source ...

A combined and updated checklist of helminth and protozoan parasites of birds in New Zealand is provided. This checklist, which is divided into two parts, includes a total of 203 parasites (68 nematodes, 40 cestodes, 44 trematodes, 11 acanthocephalans and 40 protozoans) from 116 hosts.

The gene for the enzyme dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) synthase from the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. brucei) was cloned by screening a T. brucei cDNA library and then sequenced. The library was constructed in a yeast expression vector and the positive clone was identified by complementation of a temperature-sensitive defect in the yeast strain DPM 1-6 [Orlean, Albr...

RNA interference (RNAi) pathways are widespread in metaozoans but the genes required show variable occurrence or activity in eukaryotic microbes, including many pathogens. While some Leishmania lack RNAi activity and Argonaute or Dicer genes, we show that Leishmania braziliensis and other species within the Leishmania subgenus Viannia elaborate active RNAi machinery. Strong attenuation of expre...

The present review article explains different zoonotic diseases transmitted by various species of ticks. This emphasizes animal hosts, transmission and prevalence caused a virus, bacteria, protozoans in eco-climatic regions the world. also diagnostic methods applied for detection disease pathogens, treatment prophylactic measures. It recommends tick saliva antigen-based oral vaccines antibiotic...

1. A pigment can be extracted from Blepharisma undulans by heat treatment of a concentrated suspension of the deeply pigmented animals. 2. In the presence of this pigment, various colorless protozoans are sensitized to light and killed if exposed long enough. The protozoans show a differential sensitivity, some being much more sensitive than others. 3. Bleached colorless blepharismas are not se...

While Giardia duodenalis infection has been consistently associated with nutrient malabsorption and stunting in children, the effects of other protozoans on nutritional status or gastrointestinal morbidity are less clear. We sought to determine whether infection with common intestinal protozoans including Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba coli and Blastocystis hominis was associated with anthropome...

conclusions capillaria hepatica should be considered in differential diagnoses in any child with fever, hepatomegaly, eosinophilia and hyperglobulinemia. case presentation the current paper reports a case of capillaria hepatica infection in a four-year-old boy which presented with fever, hepatomegaly, peripheral eosinophilia, and noticeable weight loss. the diagnosis was made on the histologica...

a checklist of iranian cryptinae (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) for all species recorded of iran is given. the list is based on detailed studies of all available published data and some new collected samples. until now 123 species in 42 genera belonging to 3 tribes of this subfamily have been known from iran. cryptinae is the most species-rich subfamilies of ichneumonidae, and has a worldwide dis...