Trypsin and thrombin activate proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), which modulate gastrointestinal motility. The common bile duct is exposed to many proteinases that can activate PARs, especially during infection and stone obstruction. We investigated PAR effects on common bile duct motility in vitro. Contraction and relaxation of isolated guinea pig common bile duct strips caused by PAR(1), ...

We characterize in terms of oracle Turing machines the classes defined by exponential lower bounds on some nonuniform complexity measures. After, we use the same methods to giue a new characterization of classes defined by polynomial and polylog upper bounds, obtaining an unified approach to deal with upper and lower bounds, The main measures are the initial index, the context-free cosU ond the...

Facial characteristics may provide reliable information giving an insight into the inner nature of an individual. This study examines the differences in widely used facial metrics, including cheek-to-jaw width ratio (CJWR), width-to-height ratio (WHR), perimeter-to-area ratio (PAR), and facial masculinity indexes across Sasang constitutional types, to investigate the association between these f...

OBJECTIVE To establish the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and to identify risk factors for seropositivity.\par METHODS A cross-sectional study established the seroprevalence of infection by Helicobacter pylori and afterwards a comparative study was performed amongst seropositive and seronegative children. A group of 228 children were cared for at the outpatient cl...

Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in 16 hypertensive subjects (group I) with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (ECG and echo criteria) and in 17 hypertensive subjects with ECG signs of LV strain (group II), were compared with those in 14 normal individuals. An augmented pulmonary arteriolar resistance (PAR) in group I and to a larger extent in group II accounted for the pulmonary pressure ele...

Objective: To identify variables and their effect size on orthodontic treatment time of Class III malocclusion. Material and Methods: Forty-five Class III malocclusion cases were selected from 2008 patients' records. Clinical charts, cephalometric radiographs, and pre and posttreatment dental casts were evaluated. Age, sex, PAR index at T1 and T2, overjet, missing teeth, extractions, number o...

Carbon sequestration was estimated in a semi-arid grassland region in Central Kazakhstan using an approach that integrates remote sensing, field measurements and meteorological data. Carbon fluxes for each pixel of 1 × 1 km were calculated as a product of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and its fraction absorbed by vegetation (fPAR), the light use efficiency (LUE) and ecosystem respir...

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate treatment efficiency and 3-year follow-up stability of the Damon system by evaluating peer assessment rating (PAR) index, posteroanterior-lateral cephalometric changes, and the intercanine and intermolar widths. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five patients treated with a 0.022-inch slot Damon D3 MX bracket system were evaluated in ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate small doses of known cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibitors, grapefruit juice (GFJ) and one of its components, bergamottin (BGT), for the prevention of paracetamol (PAR)-induced hepatotoxicity after overdose in rats. Six groups of 15 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats each were treated with single oral doses of either saline, PAR only 1725 mg/kg, PAR + GFJ low dose (2 ml)...

Asymmetric localization of PAR proteins is a hallmark of polarized cells, but the mechanisms that create PAR asymmetry are not well understood. In the C. elegans zygote, PAR asymmetry is initiated by a transient actomyosin contraction, which sweeps the PAR-3/PAR-6/PKC-3 complex toward the anterior pole of the egg. The RING finger protein PAR-2 accumulates in a complementary pattern in the poste...