The effort of this work was to prove whether there exists any relation between stress factors caused by content of cadmium and zinc, and content and composition of opium alkaloids codeine, morphine, narcotine (noscapine) and papaverine contained in poppy seeds and capsules (Papaver somniferum L.) in 14 samples of 8 varieties cultivated in 8 localities in 2003.

.................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................. viii List of Figures ...................

We model the economic incentives surrounding opium crop production in Afghanistan. Specifically, we examine the impact of eradication policies when opium is used as a means of obtaining credit, and when the crops are produced in sharecropping arrangements. The analysis suggests that when perfect credit markets are available, an increased risk of eradication will lead to less land being allocate...

The lunar Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) defines a time between ∼3.8 to possibly 4.1 Gy ago when the Nectarian and early-Imbrium basins on the Moon with reasonably well-constrained ages were formed. Some have argued that these basins were produced by a terminal cataclysm that caused a spike in the inner Solar System impactor flux during this interval. Others have suggested the basins were formed ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Comparative studies of closely related taxa can increase understanding of adaptations and changes in seed dormancy and germination preferences in an evolutionary perspective. For such studies, a method to describe and compare the performance of taxa in a general way is needed. The germination ecology of four Papaver taxa was studied with the aim of describing and comparing t...

polygonatum orientale desf. (asparagaceae) is herbaceous and perennial plant grown in northern parts of iran. the rhizomes of polygonatum, known as iranian shaghagho, is used in iranian traditional medicine as tonic, aphrodisiac, wound healing, lightening, kidney stone remedy, gynecological and internal wounds healing, anti-gout and rheumatism, and anti-diabetic. the aim of this study was to ev...

Background & Aim: Papaver bracteatum Lindl.  (Papaverace) is an important pharmaceutical plant which contains isoqinoline alkaloids. Isoqinoline alkaloids constitute one distinct group of secondary metabolites of the Papaverace family. Codeine and thebaine are important alkaloids of Papaver bracteatum which use widely due to its medicinal properties. Therefore it is...

background & aim: papaver bracteatum lindl.  (papaverace) is an important pharmaceutical plant which contains isoqinoline alkaloids. isoqinoline alkaloids constitute one distinct group of secondary metabolites of the papaverace family. codeine and thebaine are important alkaloids of papaver bracteatum which use widely due to its medicinal properties. therefore it is necessary to determinati...

Il Don Giovanni è una delle opere più note della produzione mozartiana creata a poca distanza dall’ingresso di Mozart in massoneria. La visione dell’Oriente cambia pari passo alla crescita conoscenza orientale, cui non rimane estraneo, come evidente da molti aspetti del Giovanni. psicologia dei personaggi si intreccia, per Kierkegaard, nella filosofia narrazione che rappresenta la genialità sen...