A heat transfer model of boiling flow in steam heated calandria tubes is presented. The model predictions for vapour formation, heat transfer and pressure difference are compared with experimental data and yield reasonable agreement. Characteristic curves are presented showing predicted evaporation rate, heat transfer and pressure difference for a set of parameters representative of a high grad...

In the present study, estimating pan evaporation (Epan) was evaluated based on different input parameters: maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, wind speed, bright sunshine hours. The techniques used for Epan were artificial neural network (ANN), wavelet-based ANN (WANN), radial function-based support vector machine (SVM-RF), linear SVM (SVM-LF), multi-linear regression (MLR) mod...

For effective planning and management of water resources implementation the related strategies, it is important to ensure proper estimation evaporation losses, especially in regions that are prone drought. Changes climatic factors, such as changes temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours, humidity, solar radiation can have a significant impact on process. As such, highly non-linear, non-stationa...

Starch-coated polyethylene (PE) films were prepared by immersing PE in a hot, jet cooked solution of starch. They were allowed to react with acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate initiator, and the graft polymerization that occurred produced starch-g-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) coatings that contained about 25 wt % grafted PAN. The starch-g-PAN coatings tightly adhered to the...