Objective(s):Morphine is widely used to treat chronic pain. However, its utility is hindered by the development of tolerance to its analgesic effects. Despite the renowned beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive functions and signs of morphine withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats, little is known about the roles of voluntary and forced exercises in tolerance to analgesic effect of...

OBJECTIVE Decreased pain sensitivity is found in individuals who are ill with bulimia nervosa (BN). The purpose of this study is to determine whether altered pain perception persists after recovery from bulimia nervosa (RBN). METHODS Eleven women who were recovered from BN for more than 1 year were compared with 15 healthy volunteer women. The participants received two pain evaluations--therm...

Lesioning of the nervous system can produce a form of pathological pain called “neuropathic pain” that is characterized by sensory deficit, burning sensation, hyperalgesia and allodynia (Cui et al., 2000). The mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain have been studied extensively. Abundant evidence has indicated that aside from the neural component, the non-neural cells of the CNS, such as glial ...

Stress and chronic pain have been shown to prevent the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, which appears to be related to neuroendocrine activity and alternation in neurochemicals. Also the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in tolerance to morphine analgesia. In our pervious study, we showed that co-administration of swim stress (ss) with chronic morphine, prevent...

background: diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder with many complications such as neuropathic pain which relief from it is a dilemma. objectives: to investigate the effect of hydroethanolic extract of rubus fruticosus on neuropathic pain in diabetic rats. materials and methods: in this experimental case –control study, forty eight male wistar rats (250±20 g) were divided rando...

The observation of pain in others may enhance or reduce self-pain, yet the boundary conditions and factors that determine the direction of such effects are poorly understood. The current study set out to show that visual stimulus awareness plays a crucial role in determining whether vicarious pain primarily activates behavioral defense systems that enhance pain sensitivity and stimulate withdra...

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of an attention training technique (ATT) on pain ratings, threshold and tolerance during the cold pressor task. One hundred and three undergraduate students were randomly assigned to receive either threat-alleviating or threat-inducing information about the task. Participants were then re-randomized to receive either ATT or progressive muscle relaxat...

UNLABELLED Neonatal pain experiences have been associated with altered processing and perception of pain in later life, but findings tend to vary among studies. We have compared experimental pain tolerance and subjective health complaints in a population-based cohort of adolescents born extremely preterm to that of matched term controls. Subjects performed a standardized cold pressor task (hand...

glutamate has a key role in pain perception and also development of tolerance and dependence to morphine. it has been reported that clavulanic acid affects glutamatergic transmission via activation of glutamate transporter. therefore the present study was aimed to evaluate the possible antinociceptive effect of clavulanic acid and its preventive activity against development of morphine toleranc...