The dispersibility of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) differing ionic functional group content was investigated in both water and ethanol. CNC samples were prepared by hydrolyzing pulp with sulfuric acid (sulfate content: 0.35 mmol/g) included a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized material (carboxyl 2.0 mmol/g). To evaluate the CNCs each medium, measurement turbidity dispersed m...

We propose an approach to accurately detecting two dimensional shapes. The cross-section of the shape boundary is modeled as a step function. We first derive a one-dimensional optimal step edge operator, which minimizes both the noise power and the mean squared error between the input and the filter output. This operator is found to be the derivative of the double exponential (DODE) function. W...