The aim of this stusy was to investigate whether spinal fusion to T2, T3, or T4 affects sagittal alignment of the cervical spine in Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.A retrospective study comprised of 64 Lenke 1 AIS patients was performed to assess the radiographic and clinical outcome. According to the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) (T2, T3, or T4), the patients were d...

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of two tinted contact lenses (CL) designed for outdoor sports activity on the psychometric determination of retinal straylight using the compensation comparison method. METHODS Thirteen emmetropic subjects were randomly fitted with two different tinted Nike Maxsight (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) CL in one eye, while the contralateral eye was fitted with...

BACKGROUND DHA is accumulated in the central nervous system (CNS) before birth and is involved in early developmental processes, such as neurite outgrowth and gene expression. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fetal DHA insufficiency occurs and constrains CNS development in term gestation infants. DESIGN A risk reduction model using a randomized prospective study of term gestation single birth...

BACKGROUND Orofacial clefts (cleft lip/palate; CL/P) are among the most common congenital anomalies, with prevalence that varies among different ethnic groups. Craniofacial shape differences between individuals with CL/P and healthy controls have been widely reported in non-African populations. Knowledge of craniofacial shape among individuals with non-syndromic CL/P in African populations will...

To examine whether Cl-coupled HCO3 transport mechanisms were present on the basolateral membrane of the mammalian proximal tubule, cell pH was measured in the microperfused rat proximal convoluted tubule using the pH-sensitive, intracellularly trapped fluorescent dye (2',7')-bis(carboxyethyl)-(5,6)-carboxyfluorescein. Increasing the peritubular Cl concentration from 0 to 128.6 meq/liter caused ...

introduction: traumatic eye injuries (tei) involved about 3% of cases referred to the emergency departments of developing countries. lens dislocation is one of the critical cases of ophthalmic emergencies. the present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in detection of traumatic lens dislocation. methods: in this cross-sectional study the findings of ultrasono...

Periconceptional folic acid supplementation may reduce the risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL(P)). Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene reduce availability of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the predominant circulating form of folate. To determine the effect of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C genotypes and haplotypes on CL(P) risk and the interaction with...

This study aimed to assess and achieve an overview of the current status of training of orthodontic resident doctors working in Nigeria with regards to the management of children affected with cleft lip and palate (CL/P). Semistructured questionnaires containing 10 categories of questions relating to CL/P care were sent to 20 orthodontic resident doctors training to become specialists and worki...

Background: Galectin, an animal lectin that recognizes b-galactosides of glycoconjugates, is involved in multiple biological functions such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, signal transduction and angiogenesis. Overexpression of galectin-3 was observed in different tumors which was related to pro-angiogenic activity. In addition, galectin-3 is intensely expressed in corpus luteum (CL...