Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is defined as irregularities in the menstrual cycle involving frequency, regularity, duration, and volume of flow outside pregnancy. Up to 1/3rd women experience abnormal their life, with most commonly occurs at menarche perimenopause due disruption hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Aim: To compare effectiveness Norethisterone Dydrogesterone for treatmen...

Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one two years of unprotected intercourse. It types: primary infertility and secondary 5On basis etiopathology divided into five groups: unexplained (28%), male factor (24%), ovarian dysfunction (21%), tubal (14%) others (13%). Luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating (FSH) are integral parts neural endocrine interchange ...

Background: Subfertility refers to describe women or couple who are not sterile but exhibit decreased reproductive efficiency even after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse. Objectives: To find probable aetiological factors in subfertile couples attending Dhulikhel Hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 Hospital from March 2016 December 2017 e...

BACKGROUND Prostaglandins (PG), produced by the follicle just before ovulation, appear to act locally to promote follicle rupture and oocyte release. METHODS To determine whether administration of PG synthesis inhibitor directly into the primate follicle would prevent ovulatory events, serum estradiol was used to predict the day of the ovulatory LH surge in rhesus monkeys. On the day before o...

Granulosa cells in a mature ovarian follicle have an abundance of LH/hCG receptors that respond rapidly to an ovulatory surge in gonadotropins. Within minutes, membrane signal transduction sets in motion metabolic changes that lead to follicular rupture. This study provides evidence that the initial ovarian response to such an ovulatory stimulus includes induction of the immediate-early transcr...

OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Background Definition and Nomenclature Abnormal uterine bleeding associated with ovulatory dysfunction (AUB-O) (ie, oligo-ovulation or anovulation) is a spectrum of disorders most commonly associated with heavy, irregular uterine bleeding. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) occurs in the setting of ovulatory dysfunction because of the effects of chronic unopposed estrogen o...

Use of GnRH in AI protocols results in ovulation of a wide range of follicle sizes. Our objective was to determine the effect of ovulatory follicle size at GnRH-induced ovulation or standing estrus on pregnancy rates and embryonic/fetal mortality. Lactating beef cows (n = 273) received the CO-Synch protocol (100 μg GnRH, i.m. on d -9; 25 mg PG, i.m. on d -2; and 100 μg GnRH, i.m. on d 0 with ti...

Seasonal endocrine changes in 5 non-bred and 10 pregnant Alaskan reindeer have been documented. Blood samples were collected from early September until early May, spanning the breeding season, gestation, or the anovulatory period. Plasma was analyzed by RIA for progesterone (P4), estradiol-17beta, estrone, and estrone sulfate. Elevated P4 in 80% of the reindeer at the onset of the study indicat...

Studies in cattle assessing changes in number and size of antral follicles, concentrations of estradiol, androgens and progesterone in serum and follicular fluid, and numbers of gonadotropin receptors per follicle during repetitive estrous cycles and postpartum anestrus are reviewed. The rate of growth of small follicles (1 to 3 mm) into larger follicles increases as the estrous cycle progresse...