In the past few years, overlay networks have received much attention but there has been little study on the “interaction” of multiple, co-existing overlays on top of a physical network. In addition to previously introduced concept of overlay routing strategy such as selfish routing, we introduce a new strategy called “overlay optimal routing”. Under this routing policy, the overlay seeks to min...

Overlay networks have been used for adding and enhancing functionality to the end-users without requiring modifications in the Internet core mechanisms. Overlay networks have been used for a variety of popular applications including routing, file sharing, content distribution, and server deployment. Previous work has focused on devising practical neighbor selection heuristics under the assumpti...

Dynamic overlay routing has been proposed as a way to enhance the reliability and performance of IP networks. The major premise is that overlay routing can bypass congestion, transient outages, or suboptimal paths, by forwarding traffic through one or more intermediate overlay nodes. In this paper, we perform an extensive simulation study to investigate the performance of dynamic overlay routin...

PURPOSE To determine whether a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) is useful for in vivo imaging and counting of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS RGCs of Brown Norway rats were retrogradely labeled bilaterally with the fluorescent dye 4-(4-(dihexadecylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodine (DiA). The unilateral optic nerve was crushed intraorbitally with a clip. RGCs were imaged in...

In this paper, we present a measurement study on characteristics of available files in the modern Gnutella system. We developed a new methodology to capture accurate “snapshots” of available files in a large scale P2P system. This methodology was implemented in a parallel crawler that captures the entire overlay topology of the system where each peer in the overlay is annotated with its availab...