The objective of this paper is to measure the price impacts of the major regulatory interventions in the England & Wales wholesale electricity market from 1 April 1990 to 31 March 2002. More particularly, to establish whether falling prices during 1999-2002 were caused by the regulator (‘Ofgem 7 forcing the dominant duopoly of fossil fuel generators to divest coal-fired plant, or because the Po...

Understanding cellular regulation of metabolism is a major challenge in systems biology. Thus far, the main assumption was that enzyme levels are key regulators in metabolic networks. However, regulation analysis recently showed that metabolism is rarely controlled via enzyme levels only, but through non-obvious combinations of hierarchical (gene and enzyme levels) and metabolic regulation (mas...

Simulation has been utilized in the planning and development of almost all sectors of the transportation field. The practicing transportation community primarily relies on simulation packages. When a practitioner (or end user) uses a simulation package, most of the simulation development efforts have already been completed. Unfortunately, the use of these simulation packages has several disadva...

This paper is an attempt to outline the history of Swedish policies towards the energy system and to describe how the country’s economy dealt with management costs and accident risks of nuclear reactors. When reactors supply marginal electricity, nuclear power may provide electrical energy at low costs, as it has high investment costs but moderate personal costs and low fuel costs. The support ...

Spatial equity in the delivery of educational services is a critical element creating healthful and joyful living circumstances cities. The spatial distribution public elementary middle schools for girls El-Taif city was investigated this study using variety tools. Mean Center, Central Feature, Standard Distance, Directional Distribution, Point Density, Kernel Nearest Neighbor Analysis, Ripley’...

Reactive intermediates are a continuous burden in biology and several defense mechanisms have evolved. Here we focus on the functions of glutathione transferases (GSTs) with the aim to discuss the quantitative aspects of defense against reactive intermediates. Humans excrete approximately 0.1 mmol of thioether conjugates per day. As the amount of GST active sites in liver is approximately 0.5 m...

Neoliberalism, with its emphasis on privatization and marketization, is becoming a dominant mode of ocean governance. In this paper I show that neoliberalism in ocean fisheries has a specific form and history based on the ways that, for the last 50 years, regulation debates have centered on the question of the commons. Focus on the role of the commons in problems such as overfishing and overcap...

Abstract The small pelagic fishery contributes substantially to Ghana’s fish production and plays important roles in food nutritional security. However, the resource is under serious threat due destructive fishing practices, illegal, unreported unregulated (IUU), overcapacity of fleets, population growth climate change. This paper aims analyze terms of; mapping chain, landings, imports export, ...

Waste-to-energy (WtE) facilities have been established worldwide as a sustainable method for the disposal of residual waste. In the present study the following competing WtE systems were compared: (1) municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) with energy recovery; (2) co-incineration of waste in old lignite or coal-fired power plants; (3) substitute [refuse-derived fuel (RDF)] incinerators wit...

BACKGROUND The healthcare industry has become increasingly dependent on using information technology (IT) to manage its daily operations. Unexpected downtime of health IT systems could therefore wreak havoc and result in catastrophic consequences. Little is known, however, regarding the nature of failures of health IT. OBJECTIVE To analyze historical health IT outage incidents as a means to b...