The Deckers Creek watershed in northern West Virginia (USA), containing a land area of 166 km2 (63 mi2), has a long history of industrial development and attendant environmental abuses from both land and water pollution practices. The water in Deckers Creek was sampled in 1974 at 29 locations along the main stem and resampled in 1999-2000 to determine water quality changes over this 25-year per...

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) are a natural extension of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) phenomenon to the underground environment. In this work, experimental measurements are presented at the frequency of 433 MHz, which show a good agreement with the theoretical studies. Experiments are run to examine the received signal strength and the packet error rate for aboveground-to-un...

background: in recent times, the decreasing groundwater reserves due to over-consumption of water resources and the unprecedented reduction of precipitation, during the past 1 decades, have resulted in a change in the volume and quality of water with time. the aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal variations of hardness and total dissolved solids in drinking water resource...

Strong karstlize effect forming surface and underground double-space structure in karst area, what resulting groundwater systems are extremely sensitive to outside interference. This article mainly focuses on the vulnerability assessment of karst groundwater, proposing that the vulnerability assessment of karst groundwater should be considered from three perspectives: the inherent vulnerability...

Apulia, in the absence of surface water, is one of the Italian regions which satisfy their water requirements by drawing large quantities (over 40%) of its water from underground resources. The large amounts drawn from these resources in the last few years due to increasing human activity on the territory has determined a general and inevitable reduction of the quality of the underground water ...