The cytosolic yeast proteins Sec13p-Sec31p, Sec23p-Sec24p, and the small GTP-binding protein Sar1p generate protein transport vesicles by forming the membrane coat termed COPII. We demonstrate by thin section and immunoelectron microscopy that purified COPII components form transport vesicles directly from the outer membrane of isolated yeast nuclei. Another set of yeast cytosolic proteins, coa...

Fungal hyphae are among the most highly polarized cells. Hyphal polarized growth is supported by tip-directed transport of secretory vesicles, which accumulate temporarily in a stratified manner in an apical vesicle cluster, the Spitzenkörper. The exocyst complex is required for tethering of secretory vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. We determined that the presence of an octameric exocys...

Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of photosynthetic, Gram-negative bacteria that play critical roles in global ecosystems and serve as essential biotechnology models. Recent work has demonstrated both marine freshwater cyanobacteria produce extracellular vesicles - small membrane-bound structures released from the outer surface microbes. While likely contribute to biological processes, their sp...

Engineered Extracellular Vesicles In article number 2204031, Jing Zhao, Guodong Yang, Angang and co-workers develop an extracellular vesicle-based GSDMD-N mRNA delivery system (EVTx), in which is encapsulated inside the vesicle, HER2 antibody displayed on surface, sonosensitizer Ce6 incorporated into membrane. When endocytosed by HER2+ cancer cells, EVTx efficiently induces pyroptosis thus enha...

To identify the membrane regions through which yeast mitochondria import proteins from the cytoplasm, we have tagged these regions with two different partly translocated precursor proteins. One of these was bound to the mitochondrial surface of ATP-depleted mitochondria and could subsequently be chased into mitochondria upon addition of ATP. The other intermediate was irreversibly stuck across ...

DNA origami nanopore with large size of a 10 nm square, equipping tunable lid, enables size-selective molecular transportation through the lipid membrane giant vesicle.

When unilamellar vesicles are prepared in the presence of 3-Palmitoyl-7-ocy-coumarin abbreviation 3P-UBF) this lipoid pH-Indicator is anchored by its fatty acid chain to the membrane and can be used to measure pH-changes at the outer and inner membrane surface (ranging from pH to pH 9.5). By rapidly changing the pH of the outer aqueous phase a pH-gradient is set up across the vesicle membrane. ...

Cytoskeletal proteins such as actin and myosin are important constituents of the nucleoplasm. Spectrin is an actin binding protein typically related to plasma membrane; recently, it has been found that it is widespread and forms distinct membrane protein domains in such organelles as the Golgi. In this paper, the large germinal vesicle of amphibian oocytes was chosen as a particularly suitable ...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that important mediators in intercellular communication. This function makes them auspicious candidates for therapeutic and drug-delivery applications. Among EVs, mammalian cell derived EVs outer membrane (OMVs) produced by gram-negative bacteria the most investigated pharmaceutical To further optimize their performance to utilize natu...

The mammalian acrosome reaction (AR) is the fusion, at multiple points, of the outer acrosomal membrane with the overlying plasma membrane. This fusion causes the release of acrosomal contents and the exposure of the inner acrosomal membrane. The time taken for this process to occur is not accurately known. Estimates for AR in mouse spermatozoa vary from ;2 minutes after stimulation with solubi...