In this article, we develop a dynamic programming model for a periodic review inventory system in which emergency orders can be placed at the start of each period, while regular orders are placed at the beginning of an order cycle (which consists of a number of periods). We assume that the regular and emergency supply lead times di!er by one period. We devise a simple algorithm of computing the...

There exist many inventory control studies that consider either continuous review & continuous ordering, or periodic review & periodic ordering. Mixtures of the two are hardly ever studied. However, the model with periodic review and continuous ordering is highly relevant in practice, as information on the actual inventory level is not always up to date while making ordering decisions. This pap...

this paper submitting the computation of optimize point of ordering in inventory control systems and particularly for continuous review of ordering system (r,q) by fuzzy logic method which similarly can be used for other ordering systems. since in the ordering models we cannot forecast the parameters like cost exactly, we have ambiguity. in this case using precise parameters may cause wrong dec...

Problem definition. The impact of lead times on the bullwhip effect produced by order-up-to (OUT) replenishment policy is studied. Practical relevance. Under general auto-regressive moving average (ARMA) demand, we investigate when OUT possesses an always-increasing-in-the-lead-time and it does not. Methodology. A measure based difference between demand order variance combined with a novel anal...

background: this paper offers mortality risk rankings for iranian mortality data. it extends methods to include mixed co­horts, tests changes in mortality risks, compares measures of risk and discusses public policy implications. methods: the methodology used in risk measures takes current practice and extends it to include variations in population dy­nam­ics. the specification is presented and...

This paper investigates a stochastic inventory management problem in which cash-constrained small retailer periodically purchases product and sells it to customers while facing non-stationary demand. In each period, the retailer’s available cash restricts maximum quantity that can be ordered. There is fixed ordering cost incurred when an order issued by retailer. We introduce heuristic (s,C(x),...

This paper investigates the economic order quantity inventory model for a retailer under two levels of trade credit to reflect the supply chain management situation. It is assumed that the retailer maintains a powerful position and can obtain full trade credit offered by supplier, yet the retailer just offers the partial trade credit to customers. Under these conditions, the retailer can obtain...