introduction: the management and use of antimicrobial drugs has clinical, economic, and environmental implications. in many countries, antimicrobial drugs are the most frequently prescribed therapeutic agents. therefore, health-care policy should focus on how to establish a rational attitude toward antibiotics. this study was performed to investigate antibiotic usage as a prophylactic regimen i...

Disease name: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita ICD 10: Q74.32 Synonyms: Arthrogryposis, Amyoplasia Congenita, Congenital Arthromyodysplasia, GuérinStern syndrome, Myodystrophia Fetalis Deformans AMC is the clinical description of a congenital syndrome with an estimated incidence of 1:3000-10,000 [25,30,38]. Already within the uterus, the movement frequency of the foetus is reduced due to mult...

Cholesteatoma is a destructive lesion involving the temporal bone, which may induce severe complications due to its expansion and erosion of adjacent structures. Bacterial biofilm plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many otolaryngologic inflammatory/infectious chronic diseases. In this pilot study, we investigated, by means of cultural examination and with scanning electron microscope, ...

Methamphetamines are the second most commonly used illicit drug worldwide and cost the United States health-care system ∼$23.4 billion annually. Use of this drug affects multiple organ systems and causes a variety of clinical manifestations. Although there are commonly known sequelae of methamphetamine abuse such as "meth mouth," there is limited evidence regarding maxillary sinus manifestation...

The prevailing otolaryngologic approach to treatment of age-related hearing loss (ARHL), presbycusis, emphasizes compensation of peripheral functional deficits (ie, hearing aids and cochlear implants). This approach does not address adequately the needs of the geriatric population, 1 in 5 of whom is expected to consist of the ‘‘old old’’ in the coming decades. Aging affects both the peripheral ...