Secondary dyslipidemia is the most common form of lipid metabolism derangement, due to the fact that primitive dyslipidemia represent only 0.5-2% of cases (1). Transplantation is a common cause of dyslipidemia, it has been shown that it defines metabolic syndrome, a common finding in renal transplant recipients (RTR) (2), and statins are within the top 15 drugs used by these patients (3). Moreo...

The usual treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) is a phenylalanine-restricted diet. Following this diet is challenging, and long-term adherence (and hence metabolic control) is commonly poor. Patients with PKU (usually, but not exclusively, with a relatively mild form of the disorder) who are responsive to treatment with pharmacological doses of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) have either lower concent...

It is highly recommended to promptly assess depression in heart disease patients as it represents a crucial risk factor which may result in premature deaths following acute cardiac events and a more severe psychopathology, even in cases of subsequent nonfatal cardiac events. Patients and professionals often underestimate or misjudge depressive symptomatology as cardiac symptoms; hence, quick, r...

AIMS This paper discusses the representation of diagnostic criteria using categorical and dimensional statistical models. Conventional modeling using categorical or continuous latent variables in the form of latent class analysis and factor (IRT) analysis has limitations for the analysis of diagnostic criteria. METHODS New hybrid models are discussed which provide both categorical and dimensi...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Episodic hypoglycemia is an almost inevitable consequence of exogenous insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes, and in up to 30% of patients, this can lead to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. This predisposes to recurrent severe hypoglycemia and has a huge impact on quality of life. Although many patients can get resolution of severe hypoglycemia through novel education and te...

The Modelica specification is ambiguous as to whether all the events are synchronous are not. Different interpretations are possible leading to considerable differences in the ways models should be constructed and compilers developed. In this paper we examine this issue and show that there exists an interpretation that is more appropriate than others leading to more efficient compilers. It turn...

PURPOSE This research was conducted to compare the management and the outcome of patients with colovesical fistulae of different aetiologies. METHODS Retrospective data were collected from 2002 to 2012 and analyzed with SPSS ver. 17. Age, gender, aetiology, management, hospital stay, postoperative complications, and mortality were studied and compared among colovesical fistulae of different a...

Deciding when to operate on a patient with chronic aortic regurgitation may be extremely difficult. The timing of surgery requires consideration of the etiology and pathophysiology of the aortic regurgitation, because aortic valve replacement carries morbidity and mortality that must be weighed against the potential problems of continued medical management. Guidelines for the use of surgery in ...

With respect to the paper published recently in Clinical Science by Campos et al. [1] on blood levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase being more strongly associated with good outcome in acute ischaemic stroke than glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels, we would like to raise a cautionary note. It has been well established that abnormally high concentrations of l-glutamate (glutamate) in...