Introduction: Bone remodeling is a well coupled biological process of bone resorption and bone formation, which is predominantly regulated by mechanical load. Recent years, osteocytes, the most abundant cell population in bone, have been evidenced to be playing a key role in the modulation of bone remodeling. As a form of mechanical stimulation, low intensity (<30mW/cm2) pulsed ultrasound (LIPU...

INTRODUCTION Human vertebral cancellous bone is one of the primary sites for age-related bone loss. In aging females bone loss occurs due to an increased rate of resorption while in males, bone loss results from a decline in bone formation rate (1). This sexual dimorphism in the mechanism of bone loss may be a consequence of the changes in endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors which regula...

Adult male rats were orchidectomized (ORX) and treated with 17β-estradiol or young coconut juice (YCJ) for ten weeks. Their femur L5 vertebra dissected, the percentage of bone volume was measured using a Micro-CT scan. Immunohistochemistry used to detect ERα ERβ determine if osteoporotic protective effects YCJ due attachment active components(s) estrogen receptors. It found that both in osteocy...

Parathyroid hormone receptors are present in bone cells and play a crucial role in the maintenance of skeletal integrity, bone homeostasis and regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Although the function of these receptors has long being recognized in the cells of the osteoblastic lineage regulating directly osteoblast differentiation and function and indirectly osteoclastogenesis, rec...

BACKGROUND Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis is a common clinical problem. OBJECTIVE To determine the pathophysiology of glucocorticoid induced osteoarthritis at the organ level. METHODS Iliac crest biopsy specimens were obtained from nine patients receiving prednisone treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Osteocyte viability and histomorphometric indices were assessed. RESULTS Compared w...

We reported soft sheets of fibrillar bone tissues from an intact Triceratops horn from the Hell Creek Formation in MT [6]. We illustrated red blood cell (RBC) like microstructures, oblate and stellate osteocytes, and organelle-like components within osteocytes. Soft vessels were found protruding from fractured Triceratops ribs, but no soft vessels were found in the horn. Our findings are signif...

Osteocytes are the most frequent bone cells connected with each other through cell processes within tiny tubular-shaped canaliculi. The so-called osteocyte lacunar-canalicular network (LCN) plays a crucial role in remodeling and mineral homeostasis. Given critical nature of these functions, it is herein hypothesized that LCN must be structurally “overengineered” to provide resilience. This hypo...

Abstract Sclerostin, which is primarily produced by the osteocytes, inhibits canonical Wnt pathway and thereby osteoblasts stimulates RANKL release osteocytes osteoclast recruitment. Inhibition of sclerostin therefore causes stimulation bone formation inhibition resorption. In clinical trials, romosozumab, an antibody against sclerostin, increases mineral density reduces risk fractures compared...