Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition of glycol ether (GE)-water mixtures induces an abrupt change in osmotic pressure driven by a mild temperature change. The temperature-controlled osmotic change was applied for the forward osmosis (FO) desalination. Among three GEs evaluated, di(ethylene glycol) n-hexyl ether (DEH) was selected as a potential FO draw solute. A DEH-water...

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was released in vitro in a pulsatile pattern from the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) and from the hypothalamus during continuous hyperosmotic stimuli with NaCl or fructose. No significant difference was found in the AVP pulse frequency between the two kinds of hyperosmotic agents. AVP was released from the HNS in a dose-related manner under NaCl stimulation...

The commonly held view that the mechanism of osmotic pressure is a mass action effect at the semi-permeable membrane has recently been challenged by several authors who propose that solute molecules, in bombarding the free surface of the solution, subject the solvent to a negative hydrostatic pressure. Thus, they argue that osmotic pressure is a purely hydrostatic phenomenon. Experimental findi...

In the absence of coalescence, coarsening of emulsions (and foams) is controlled by molecular diffusion of the dispersed phase species from one emulsion droplet (or foam bubble) to another. Previous studies of dilute emulsions have shown how the osmotic pressure of a trapped species within droplets can overcome the Laplace pressure differences that drive coarsening, and " osmotically stabilise ...

Malate synthesis by CO(2) dark fixation and malate accumulation in the vacuoles of leaf slices of Kalanchoë daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier, a plant performing crassulacean acid metabolism, occurs only in external solutions where the osmotic pressure difference between the cells and the medium is low. Conversely, malate loss from the vacuoles depends on a high osmotic pressure difference betwee...

Measurement of the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood, or argument depending thereon, has been involved in much recent work on the origin of tissue fluid from the blood through capillary walls and in work on changes taking place in the blood due to various causes. It may be sufficient to mention Krogh (1929), Landis (1925-26, 1927, 1930, a, 1930, b), Loewen, Field, and Drinker (1931), Meyer ...

The osmotic pressure of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) in a simulated physiological environment of articular cartilage is thoroughly examined in silico using full atomistic models. The effects of chemical and physical properties were investigated to elucidate the molecular origins of cartilage biomechanical behavior providing singleatomistic resolution analyses which would not...

Measurements of the osmotic pressure of aqueous solutions of Bovine y-crystallin and of chicken-egg-white lysozyme were made as a function of solute concentration at T=20+1 °C. The equation of state for solutions of each of these proteins, of the form fll=f(c,T), was thus traced along this isotherm for protein concentrations up to 225 mg/ml. Osmotic pressure measurements were performed using a ...

In explaining osmotic movement of water. it is customary in plant physiology to regard water movement between cells as taking place along gradients of diffusion pressure deficit or suction force. Efforts to describe water movement quantitatively are based on the assumption that the rate of water movement between two cells should be proportional to the difference between the diffusion pressure d...

Osmotically controlled oral drug delivery systems utilize osmotic pressure for controlled delivery of active agents[3]. These systems can be utilized for systemic as well as targeted delivery of drugs. The release of drugs from osmotic system is governed by various formulation factors such as the solubility and the osmotic pressure of the core components, nature of the rate controlling membrane...