in Pakistan have repeatedly been involved in major terrorist incidents throughout the world, such as the September 11, 2001, attacks on New York and Washington and the 2005 London subway bombings.1 They regularly strike government, coalition, and civilian targets in Afghanistan, hampering efforts to stabilize the country. Also, they frequently target India, threatening to incite an Indo-Pakista...

Linguists use phylogenetic methods to build evolutionary trees of languages given lexical, phonological, and morphological data. Perfect phylogeny is too restrictive to explain most data sets. Conservative Dollo phylogeny is more permissive, and has been used in biological applications. We propose the use of conservative Dollo phylogeny as an alternative or complementary approach for linguistic...

“Speech banana” is a banana-shaped plot of speech power distribution. It shows speech sounds spoken with normal loudness in terms of frequency and intensity level. Speech bananas have been mainly proposed for Indo-European languages. This work describes an ongoing work of constructing a speech banana for Thai, a Non-Indo-European language. Speech materials are taken from 11 Thais (males and fem...

The impacts of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) on the tropical Indo–Pacific climate, particularly on the character of interannual variability, are explored using a coupled general circulation model (CGCM). A pair of CGCM experiments—a control experiment with an open ITF and a perturbation experiment in which the ITF is artificially closed—is integrated for 200 model years, with the 1990 values...

The population of Trinidad and Tobago is composed mainly of people of East Indian (Indo-Trinidadians) and African (Afro-Trinidadians) ancestry. Differences in alcoholism rates exist between these two ethnic groups, and researchers have investigated whether these differences can be explained in part by variations in the genes encoding the alcohol-metabolizing enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) ...

AIM To find an association between Y chromosome polymorphisms and some ethnic groups. METHODS Short tandem repeats (STR) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on the Y chromosome were typed in 311 unrelated men from four different ethnic groups - Italians from northern Italy, Albanians, Africans from the Maghreb region, and Indo-Pakistanis, using the AmpFlSTR® Yfiler PCR Amplification Kit...

In the biomedical field, using of specialized terms is key to access information. However, in most Indo-European languages, these terms are complex morphological structures. The presented work aims at identifying the various meaningful components of these terms and use them to improve biomedical Information Retrieval (IR). We present different approaches combining automatic alignments with a pi...

A CRITICAL CHECKLIST of the 54 species of ahermatypic Scleractinia known from the Hawaiian Islands is given. Based on a collection of approximately 1,150 specimens from 186 stations, new records are documented for 42 of these species, including 19 new records for the Hawaiian Islands, 8 of these being new species. A synonymy, discussion, and distribution are given for each of the 42 species col...