Business activities are rapidly changing now a days and there are increasingly complex requirements set on programming solutions. That puts traditional software development methods also called heavy weight behind and leads to the need for different approaches. Modern approach is called agile or lightweight. Heavy weight methodologies, also considered as the traditional way to develop software, ...

Weaving together the disciplines of planning and policy change with the emerging research of active living, this article explores the competing interests and underlying political forces behind the design and passage of Wisconsin's Comprehensive Planning Law of 1999. While Wisconsin's law remains a work in progress, it illustrates the contemporary policy battles over land use and smart growth an...

User-adaptive tour planning systems are tourist information systems that can make tour plans customized for individual users. Several systems have been already proposed, but such usability issues as frustrating preference/personality registration process and lack of sense of participation still remain. In this paper, we review these usability issues and discuss the following challenges for more...

National space planning system is one management tool for land space, which is formed in some certain periods of society and economy development. This paper summarized some typical cases of space planning systems selected from Germany, Japan, Britain and USA, and analyzed some important factors as management system, economic institutions, economic development stage and resources endowments whic...

China is rapidly urbanizing and will inevitably face trade-offs between promoting economic growth through further urbanization and protecting fertile farmland against accelerated urban expansion. This paper presents how this dilemma is being addressed in one of the most rapidly urbanizing regions in China, the Pearl River Delta (PRD), by means of assessing urban growth and farmland dynamic, as ...

Despite calls for performance-oriented and evidence-based planning, the outcomes of land use and environmental plans are rarely monitored or assessed ex post facto (that is, post implementation). As a result, planners cannot know whether or why plans achieve their goals, or learn from the results of past interventions to improve planning practice. This evaluation gap is caused by a lack of meth...

by studying the evolution history of budgeting systems, you may discern three stages: in the first stage, controlling role of budget is regarded its major function. in the second stage, budget is considered as a means for management improvement. in the third stage, the role of budget is considered in economic planning, implementation of programs and government performance management. after worl...

this research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the spatial distribution of existing cultural land use in district 3 of tehran municipality and proposal for new site selection for cultural land use in this district. after studying previous researches on the issues of land use and site selection, 13 indicators for locating cultural land use were identified then by using distance mappi...

in order to understand what educational planning means, it is necessary to understand what is meant by planning and what a plan is. it is from this level that we will go into the explanation of educational planning in urban planning and architecture. the finding of research shows fundamental discourse that has been surveyed in this paper. character of educational planning in urban studies concl...