Unitary IPSCs elicited by fast-spiking (FS) interneurons in layer V pyramidal cells of the neocortex were studied by means of dual whole-cell recordings in acute slices. FS to pyramidal cell unitary IPSCs were depressed by (RS)-S-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-tert-butylisoxazol-4-yl) (ATPA), a kainate (KA) receptor agonist, and by the endogenous agonist l-glutamate in the presence of AMPA, NMDA, mGluR, ...

Ischemia postconditioning (IPo) is a promising strategy in reducing myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI), but its specific molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts were subjected to global I/R and received IPo in the absence or presence of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD)...

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) systems have been reported previously for multiple food- and food animal-associated Campylobacter species (e.g., C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. fetus) to both differentiate strains and identify clonal lineages. These MLST methods focused primarily on campylobacters of human clinical (e.g., C. jejuni) or veterinary (e.g., C. fetus) relevance. However, other...

We present COBS — a model of a concurrent object-based computational system with handshakes as elementary actions of inter-process communication. Processes are considered to be partial views of the system. Their communication by asynchronous message passing and variable sharing is modeled by elementary processes on the same abstraction level. The same acts of computation and communication can b...

The mitochondrial genomes of flowering plants possess a promiscuous proclivity for taking up sequences from the chloroplast genome. All characterized chloroplast integrants exist apart from native mitochondrial genes, and only a few, involving chloroplast tRNA genes that have functionally supplanted their mitochondrial counterparts, appear to be of functional consequence. We developed a novel c...

Although the physiological role of plant mitochondria is thought to vary in different tissues at progressive stages of development, there has been little documentation that the complement of mitochondrial proteins is altered in different plant organs. Because the phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility suggests an unusual function for mitochondria in floral buds, we examined the tissue-specifi...

The activation of kainate receptors modulates GABAergic synaptic transmission, but the mechanisms are currently a matter of intense debate. In the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the glutamate receptor 5 (GluR5) subunit of kainate receptors is heavily expressed, and GluR5 antagonists block a novel form of synaptic plasticity; yet little is known about the role of GluR5-containing kainate receptors ...

We have performed nonradioactive double in situ hybridization to study the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase and GluR6 or GluR5 subunits in hippocampal slices. Our results indicate that although GluR6 is primarily expressed by pyramidal cells and dentate granule neurons and GluR5 is prominently expressed in nonpyramidal cells, there is a significant population of GABAergic interneurons ...

The expression of chloroplast and mitochondrial genes depends on nucleus-encoded proteins, some of which control processing, stability, and/or translation of organellar RNAs. To test the specificity of one such RNA stability factor, we used two known Chlamydomonas reinhardtii nonphotosynthetic mutants carrying mutations in the Mcd1 nuclear gene (mcd1-1 and mcd1-2). We previously reported that t...