Silica films with controlled thickness and refractive index have been formed by the sequential adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte and silica sols. The conditions used to prepare the sol were varied, and allowed films with refractive indices as low as 1.16 to be obtained. The sequential adsorption technique allows the thickness of these films to be controlled in increments of 5-10 nm, depe...

We report a simple Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) embedded in a glass chip, which is capable of precisely measuring the refractive indices of liquid samples. The microdevice is the integration of a single-mode optical fiber and a microchannel in the photosensitive glass fabricated by femtosecond laser followed by thermal treatment, wet etching, and annealing. The function of the FPI is demons...

In Sossi's formulation of the Fourier transform method of optical multilayer design the refractive-index profile is derived for an inhomogeneous layer of infinite extent having the desired spectral transmittance. This layer is then approximated by a finite system of discrete homogeneous layers. Because it does not make any assumptions about the refractive indices, thicknesses, or number of laye...

A novel atomic layer deposition process for the preparation of fluoride thin films in a temperature range of 225 degrees C-400 degrees C is introduced. The crystallinity, morphology, composition, thicknesses, refractive indices, and transmittance of the films are analyzed. Low impurity levels are obtained at 350 degrees C-400 degrees C with good stoichiometry. Refractive indices of 1.34-1.42 fo...

We have demonstrated the fabrication of long period gratings in random hole optical fibers. The long period gratings are fabricated by a point-by-point technique using a CO(2) laser. The gratings with a periodicity of 450 μm are fabricated and a maximum coupling efficiency of -9.81 dB has been achieved. Sensing of different refractive indices in the surrounding mediums is demonstrated by applyi...

The paper focuses on applying the algebra of octonions to study some coordinate transformations in octonion spaces, exploring contribution partial field potential speed light. J. C. Maxwell was first introduce quaternions describe physical properties electromagnetic fields. Nowadays can be applied simultaneously quantities and gravitational fields, including transformation between two systems. ...

‎Bucket recursive trees are an interesting and natural‎ ‎generalization of ordinary recursive trees and have a connection‎ to mathematical chemistry‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we give the lower and upper bounds for the moment generating‎ ‎function and moments of the multiplicative Zagreb indices in a‎ ‎randomly chosen bucket recursive tree of size $n$ with maximal bucket size $bgeq1$‎. Also, ‎we consi...

An experimental arrangement is described for determination of refractive indices n and extinction coefficients k of strongly absorbing liquids and solids over a wide spectral region. The reflectivity of parallel polarized light vs angle of incidence is measured, and the optical constants are calculated from the minimum parallel reflectivity and the corresponding Brewster angle. The accuracy of ...