Humans can recover the structure of a three-dimensional object from motion cues alone. Recovery of structure-from-motion (SFM) from the projected 2D motion field of a rotating object has been studied almost exclusively in the condition where the axis of rotation lies in the frontoparallel plane. Here we assess the ability of humans to recover SFM in the general case, where the axis of rotation ...

Equations that follow from the Navier-Stokes equation and incompressibility but with no other approximations are “exact.”. Exact equations relating secondand third-order structure functions are studied, as is an exact incompressibility condition on the second-order velocity structure function. Opportunities for investigations using these equations are discussed. Precisely defined averaging oper...

Multilayer architectures such as those used in Bayesian belief networks and Helmholtz machines provide a powerful framework for representing and learning higher order statistical relations among inputs. Because exact probability calculations with these models are often intractable, there is much interest in finding approximate algorithms. We present an algorithm that efficiently discovers highe...

The order structure of time projections associated with random times in a von Neumann algebra is investigated in the general setup as well as that of the CAR and CCR algebras. In the second case various additional properties (such as e.g. the upper/lower continuity) of the lattice of time projections are also discussed. 0. Introduction In this paper we investigate the order structure of time pr...

Correspondence: [email protected] Computing and Mathematics, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, UK Abstract Background: Mixed Order Hyper Networks (MOHNs) are a type of neural network in which the interactions between inputs are modelled explicitly by weights that can connect any number of neurons. Such networks have a human readability that networks with hidden units lack. They can be u...

For a compact monotonically normal space X we prove: (1) X has a dense set of points with a well-ordered neighborhood base (and so X is co-absolute with a compact orderable space); (2) each point of X has a well-ordered neighborhood πbase (answering a question of Arhangel’skii); (3) X is hereditarily paracompact iff X has countable tightness. In the process we introduce weak-tightness, a notion...

In this commentary I shall discuss recent findings on higher-order chromosome structure in yeast, a unicellular eukaryote. There are two kinds of yeast under current intensive investigation: namely, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. I shall emphasize that yeast chromosomal proteins in many ways resemble those of higher eukaryotes. A majo...

Thermal fluctuations cause proteins to adopt an ensemble of conformations wherein the relative stability of the different ensemble members is determined by the topography of the underlying energy landscape. "Folded" proteins have relatively homogeneous ensembles, while "unfolded" proteins have heterogeneous ensembles. Hence, the labels "folded" and "unfolded" represent attempts to provide a qua...

A generalized notion of higher order nonclassicality (in terms of higher order moments) is introduced. Under this generalized framework of higher order nonclassicality, conditions of higher order squeezing and higher order subpoissonian photon statistics are derived. A simpler form of the Hong-Mandel higher order squeezing criterion is derived under this framework by using an operator ordering ...

The primary role of the nucleus as an information storage, retrieval, and replication site requires the physical organization and compaction of meters of DNA. Although it has been clear for many years that nucleosomes constitute the first level of chromatin compaction, this contributes a relatively small fraction of the condensation needed to fit the typical genome into an interphase nucleus or...