1 KdV equation and Schrödinger operator 2 1.1 Integrability of Korteweg – de Vries equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Elements of scattering theory for the Schrödinger operator . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Inverse scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.4 Dressing operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

On quantization of a loop on a Riemannian sphere P with an energy functional, we must not evaluate its stationary points with respect to the energy but also all states. Thus in this paper, we have investigated moduli M of loops (a quantize loop) on P. Then we proved that its moduli is decomposed to equivalent classes determined by flows of the KdV hierarchy. Since the flows of the KdV hierarchy...

The integrable 3rd-order Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation emerges uniquely at linear order in the asymptotic expansion for unidirectional shallow water waves. However, at quadratic order, this asymptotic expansion produces an entire family of shallow water wave equations that are asymptotically equivalent to each other, under a group of nonlinear, nonlocal, normal-form transformations introduce...

A method, called “the discrete variational method”, has been recently presented by Furihata and Matsuo for designing finite difference schemes that inherit energy conservation or dissipation property from nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper the method is enhanced so that the derived schemes be highly accurate in space by introducing higher order spatial difference ope...

Abstract. We show that the fourth-order nonlinear ODE which controls the pole dynamics in the general solution of equation P 2 I compatible with the KdV equation exhibits two remarkable properties: (1) it governs the isomonodromy deformations of a 2× 2 matrix linear ODE with polynomial coefficients, and (2) it does not possess the Painlevé property. We also study the properties of the Riemann–H...

In this paper we generalize previous work on the stability of waves for infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems to include those cases for which the skew-symmetric operator J is singular. We assume that J restricted to the orthogonal complement of its kernel has a bounded inverse. With this assumption and some further genericity conditions we show that the linear stability of the wave implies ...

Long's equation describes stationary flows to all orders of nonlinearity and dispersion. Dissipation is neglected. In this paper, Long's equation is used to attempt to model the propagation of a solibore -a train of internal waves in shallow water at the deepening phase of the internal tide. 1. The Solibore Phenomenon The internal tide in shallow water often has a sawtooth shape rather than a s...

In this report we present a conjecture for the fourth order PI equation with a large parameter to show its importance in the exact WKB analysis. The conjecture is related to coalescing phenomena of turning points and can be regarded as a nonlinear analogue of Hirose’s result ([9]) for the Pearcey system. We also discuss some relations between the conjecture and Dubrovin’s result ([7]) for the K...

It is well known that provided scalar (1+1)-dimensional evolution equation possesses the infinitedimensional commutative Lie algebra of time-independent non-classical symmetries, it is either linearizable or integrable via inverse scattering transform [1, 2]. The standard way to prove the existence of such algebra is to construct the recursion operator [2]. But Fuchssteiner [3] suggested an alt...

and Applied Analysis 3 hard to obtain because they are highly nonlinear equations and most probably they are not integrable equations in general. Thus, large numbers of research results are still concentrated in the classical KdV equation and some other high-order equations with KdV type, such as KdV-Burgers equation [17, 18] and KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation [19], at present. Therefore, the in...