background and objectives: the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of bitter orange (citrus aurantium) leaf, ripe and unripe peel essential oils, cultivated in southwest of iran, were investigated. materials and methods: the analysis of chemical composition of hydro-distilled essential oils was carried out by gc-ms. the disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution were used to assay the ...

Terpenoid volatiles are isoprene compounds that are emitted by plants to communicate with the environment. In addition to their function in repelling herbivores and attracting carnivorous predators in green tissues, the presumed primary function of terpenoid volatiles released from mature fruits is the attraction of seed-dispersing animals. Mature oranges (Citrus sinensis) primarily accumulate ...

Birds have impressive physiological adaptations for colour vision, including tetrachromacy and coloured oil droplets, yet it is not clear exactly how well birds can discriminate the reflecting object colours that they encounter in nature. With behavioural experiments, we determined colour discrimination thresholds of chickens in bright and dim light. We performed the experiments with two colour...

BACKGROUND Biofortification is a strategy to relieve vitamin A (VA) deficiency. Biofortified maize contains enhanced provitamin A concentrations and has been bioefficacious in animal and small human studies. OBJECTIVE The study sought to determine changes in total body reserves (TBRs) of vitamin A with consumption of biofortified maize. DESIGN A randomized, placebo-controlled biofortified m...

Background: Citrus sinensis L., commonly called sweet orange, fruit waste (peel, seed, and pulp) oils, are used as natural preservatives due to their broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial antioxidant effects. Objective: The aim this study was investigate the physicochemical properties, activities orange peel pulp oils extracted using solvent extraction method. Methods...

Exhaustive hydro-distillation of the leaves of Piper aduncum and fruits of Piper gibbilimbum (Piperaceae) afforded colorless and pale orange colored oils in 0.35 and 0.30 % yields, respectively. Detailed chemical analysis by GC/MS indicated the volatile constituents of Piper aduncum to be composed of dill apiole (43.3%), beta-caryophyllene (8.2%), piperitione (6.7%) and alpha-humulene (5.1%), w...

Background There is limited study and a lack of systematic review in the field of aromatherapy with orange, and storytelling and their positive effects as a safe, simple and low-cost. The present study is aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the alleviating effects of aromatherapy with orange an...