autoimmune hepatitis is (aih) is a chronic hepatitis that occurs in children and adults of all ages. it is characterized by immunologic and autoimmune features, including circulating auto antibodies and high serum globulin concentrations. it was first described in the 1950s by term of chronic active hepatitis. it has 2 types with different auto antibodies. diagnosis is based upon serologic and ...

the liver is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of many kinds of hormones, various abnormalities hormone levels are found in advanced liver disease. for example the liver is, extremely sensitive to changes in insulin or glucagon levels. the liver is the primary organ of iron storage is frequently involved, diabetes is common in patients with iron overload and may be seen in cirrhosis. chr...

objectives: homeopathy is the most important field of alternative medicine. at present, over 3000 organic medications have been registered in the homeopathy pharmacopeia; out of which, 70% have herbal, 20% have mineral and the remaining have animal origins. evidence shows that homeopathy may be beneficial in dentistry and oral medicine. however, this is a less known field for dentists. therefor...

background: crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract including the mouth. bowel symptoms are predominant. oral involvement may precede the gi symptoms. this case report presents a patient affected by crohn’s disease with oral onset. case presentation: we present a 30-year-old pregnant woman complaining of chronic, multiple, yel...

cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common tropical dermatose with diverse clinical presentations. at times, it may appear in unusual shape or unusual site that causes diagnostic challenge. we reported a case of unusual presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis which appeared as an ulcer on the lower lip of a ten-year-old boy. the diagnosis was confirmed by identifying leishmania parasites at ulcer smea...

abstract   squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is the most common malignant tumors of oral cavity. the ratio of men to women is about 2: 1. generally, it   is admitted that 60% of carcinoma of the mandibular gingival are located in the posterior of premolars. gingiva is one of the less common sites of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc). due to the variable clinical and behavioral presentations, it c...

backgrounds: one of the most difficult tasks carried out by educators in health plan field is educational program assessment and students' clinical evaluation. logbook is an assessing tool that reduces the distance between the theory and practice; it could be definitely worthwhile for both the professors and the students to achieve the clinical and educational objectives. the purpose of th...

introduction: it is important to evaluate the orodental health status in preschool children. the aim of this study was to assess the orodental health status in preschool children in fardis in alborz province. materials  & methods: this cross-sectional/descriptive study was carried out using direct observation and examination of 940 randomly selected preschool children in fardis in alborz provin...

background many studies have reported an association between periodontal infections and some systemic diseases such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. some studies found a direct association between chronic gastritis caused by helicobacter pylori (hp) infection and poor periodontal health. methods in a cross-sectional study from november 2014 to december 2015 in kerman, the largest pro...