The four ingredients of ORS (glucose, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and trisodium citrate) in the concentrations described in the document entitled “Oral Rehydration Salts: a new reduced osmolarity formulation” yield an effective solution for rehydration and for the prevention of dehydration. The addition of other ingredients, such as other minerals (especially zinc) or vitamins, has not ...

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Eleven patients had cholesterol gallstones and bile analysis revealed cholesterol crystals only in two and both types of crystals in six. Twelve patients had pigment stones; two had cholesterol crystals, three had both types of crystal and three had bilirubinate crystals only. Bile was obtained in three of the five patients with a blocked cystic duct; one of these patients with empyema of the g...

Rice-starch based oral rehydration solution (ORS) has been shown to be a suitable alternative to glucose-based ORS in the treatment of both choleragenic and non-choleragenic dehydration in older infants and children. However, in young infants, the wider use of rice-starch ORS has been impeded because of theoretical concern about the poor digestibility of starch. The present study was conducted ...

In 1992, in Srinagar, India, the Pediatric Outpatient Department of the Institute of Medical Sciences interviewed the parents of 1600 infants with acute diarrhea to learn their awareness and practices in infantile diarrhea. The parents were divided into two groups: Group A (physicians, engineers, teachers, professors, lawyers, clerks, and educated business professionals; N = 660) and Group B (...

INTRODUCTION Hypernatremia (serum sodium ≥ 150 mmol/L) is one of the most life-threatening complications of childhood diarrhea, and its management remains challenging, even in a highly advanced critical care setting. This case report describes the acute clinical course and 3-month neurological follow-up after discharge of an infant with extreme hypernatremia in an intensive care unit in Dhaka, ...

The National Programme on Immunization (NPI) and Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) was launched in 1978 in Nigeria. NPI aimed to immunize 80% of all children age 0-24 months before 1990 and to vaccinate 80% of all pregnant women against tetanus, while ORT aimed to teach at least 50% of parents with children age 0-5 years to prevent death from diarrhoea. In 1990 a national survey was conducted, whi...

This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing for treating childhood diarrhea within the public hospital system in a central region province, Thailand. Reported are findings of a prospective clinical audit of 424 cases treated by 38 physicians. Appropriate use of antimicrobials was defined as prescribing antimicrobials for managing an invas...