Leucine activates the intracellular mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and hypothalamic mTOR signaling regulates food intake. Although central infusion of leucine reduces food intake, it is still uncertain whether oral leucine supplementation is able to affect the hypothalamic circuits that control energy balance. We observed increased phosphorylation of p70s6k in the mouse hypot...

According to the reliability of therapeutic effects, Chinese medicinal herbs divide into 3 main categories. The first is the Classical Medicinal Herbs, including approximate 265 kinds of medicinal herbs and plants and a few of medicinal minerals that have been identified by scientific works and proven by clinic studies. The second is the folk herbs (folk experienced recipe herbs) that have appr...

Q: Why choose laboratory-based oral fluid drug testing? A: Oral fluid testing offers confidential lab-based drug test results from a minimallyinvasive, observed collection. It is excellent at detecting recent drug use because it can screen for drugs in a donor’s system soon after use. By using oral fluid instead of urine drug testing, employers can oversee their donors as they collect their own...

BACKGROUND Oral fluid (OF) testing is increasingly important for drug treatment, workplace, and drugged-driving programs. There is interest in predicting plasma or whole-blood concentrations from OF concentrations; however, the relationship between these matrices is incompletely characterized because of few controlled drug-administration studies. METHODS Ten male daily cannabis smokers receiv...

In vaccinated populations, the diagnosis of measles often requires laboratory confirmation. Serum tested by EIAs has proven sensitive and specific for diagnosing measles. For comparison of detection of measles-specific IgM in oral fluid and serum samples by an antibody-capture EIA, 163 Ethiopian infants who presented for routine measles vaccination were studied. Paired serum and oral fluid samp...

BACKGROUND Drinking eight glasses of fluid or water each day is widely believed to improve health, but evidence is sparse and conflicting. We aimed to investigate the association between fluid consumption and long-term mortality and kidney function. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal analysis within a prospective, population-based cohort study of 3858 men and women aged 49 years or older res...

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) play critical roles in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, and their genetic abnormalities cause one type of hereditary salt-sensitive hypertension, Liddle syndrome. As we reported previously, both human and rodent Nedd4L/Nedd4-2 showed molecular diversity, with and without a C2 domain in their N-terminal. Nedd4L/Nedd4-2 isoforms with a C2 do...

CONTEXT Screening for lead poisoning is necessary in young children, but obtaining the needed blood sample is unpleasant and sometimes very difficult. Use of an alternative screening method that is less unpleasant and less difficult would likely help to increase the percent of children receiving screening. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the correlation of oral fluid and blood lead in a clinical setti...