Hepatic adenoma is a rare, benign tumor of the liver, and its occurrence has been strongly associated with use of oral contraceptives. An estimated 320 cases of hepatic adenoma are diagnosed each year, 282 of which are attributable to oral contraceptive use.! This association was first suggested by Baum et aI,2 who in 1973 reported seven cases of hepatic adenoma, all related to oral contracepti...

BACKGROUND This paper explores recent developments in female contraception, using them to illustrate how adaptation of existing methods, improved service delivery and understanding contraceptive behaviour might increase contraceptive uptake and correct and consistent use, and how the development of new methods holds some promise for capitalizing on the potential non-contraceptive benefits. MET...

Catamenial Pneumothorax is generally considered to be a rare entity. The lack of clear cause means that diagnosis and treatment challenging. objective this case report increase awareness highlight the role serial chest radiographs in improving pathology. A 33-year-old mother two presented at radiology department with history recurrent right-sided pain corresponded her menstrual period. Previous...

In premenopausal women, estrogen therapy has different effects in smokers and nonsmokers. Studies of oral contraceptive pills consistently find that hormone use results in a much higher relative risk for cardiovascular events in smokers than in nonsmokers. For example, in the World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception, use of oral c...

Women with benign heavy menstrual bleeding have the choice of a number of medical treatment options to reduce their blood loss and improve quality of life. The role of the clinician is to provide information to facilitate women in making an appropriate choice. Unfortunately, many options can be associated with hormonal side effects, prevention of fertility and lack of efficacy, leading to disco...

Epidemiological studies suggest the existence of close but complex relationships between estrogens, migraine, and stroke in women before menopause. Migraine, particularly without aura, is strongly influenced by estrogens as illustrated by the frequency of onset at puberty, of menstrual migraine, and of improvement during pregnancy. Migraine, particularly with aura, is a risk factor for ischemic...