the present study intended to propose a causal model of factors that would predict oral communication apprehension (oca) of iranian learners of english as a foreign language. to conduct the study, 135 male and female university students majoring in english were selected. five variables including: learners’self-esteem and introversion/extroversion(as independent variables), their gender and prof...

There are wider issues relating to the communication difficulties experienced by people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) than simply the physical problems caused by diminished oral control. In addition, existing literature on ALS rarely considers communication to be a joint interaction which depends on the strategies adopted by both communication partners, nor does it present communicat...

This study aims to identify the online teaching strategies used by language teachers in Oral Communication during pandemic and challenges face utilizing select strategies. Moreover, it create a proposed training program with aforementioned objectives. Results surface that lacked at onset of pandemic, but they managed find their as years went by. Some factors inevitably hindered conduct classes,...