the quest for power has formed much of the world history especially in 20th and 21st centuries. oil (energy) particularly after industrial revolution has been a tool for conquest and power and has been transformed to a geopolitical issue. from a geopolitical point of view this has been the case for the last two centuries in central asia and caucasus. central asia and caucasus has always been...

abstract ion selective electrodes (ises) are electrochemical sensors that respond selectivity to the activity of ionic species. an ion-selective electrode is an electrochemical device that uses a thin selective membrane or film as the recognition element, and is an electrochemical half-cell equivalent to other half-cells of the zeroth (inert metal in a redox electrolyte). in common methods o...

Urmia Lake is the largest lake in the Iranian plateau and the second largest Salt Lake in the world. This study was conducted to identify hypersaline bacteria in the lake through the screening with molecular markers. For the molecular study of the bacterial microbiome of the lake, samples were collected from water, sludge and soil of the different parts of the lake during different seasons of 2...

in this thesis, a new optically active poly(amide-imide) (pai) was synthesized by the indirect polycondensation reaction of the l-phenylalanine based diacid chloride and 4,4?-diaminodiphenylether in the presence of triethylamine in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. the formation of pai was confirmed by ftir, 1h nmr and elemental analysis. in next step, the surface of titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles...

Coastal aquifers comparing noncoastal aquifers, are faced to natural hazards more rapidly due to incorrect managements (Bear et al. 1999). Aquifer’s vulnerability to various pollutants or intrusion of saline water to coastal aquifers have been studied by several researchers so far (Chachadi et al., 2002 Cardona et al., 2004). Overlay models are produced to overlay physical indicator maps ...