The standard 3 + 3 or "modified Fibonacci" up-and-down (MF-UD) method of dose escalation is by far the most used design in dose-finding cancer trials. However, MF-UD has always shown inferior performance when compared with its competitors regarding number of patients treated at optimal doses. A consequence of using less effective designs is that more patients are treated with doses outside the ...

AIM To determine the optimal doses of ranitidine for both preterm and term infants. METHOD The effect of ranitidine treatment was measured from the long-term intraluminal gastric pH in 16 preterm (gestational age under 37 weeks) and term infants treated in neonatal intensive care. The infants received three different bolus doses of ranitidine: 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, and 1.5 mg per kilogram of body w...

Inhibitors against replacement clotting factors occur in approximately 30%-40% of patients with hemophilia A and 1.5%-3% of patients with hemophilia B. In this group of patients, bleeding events are best treated with bypassing agents. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) has become the first-line agent in treating surgical and non-surgical bleeding in many centres with efficacy at standard...

The research aimed to determine the effects of Si application on photosynthetic characteristics of maize on saline-alkaline soil, including photosynthetic rate (P n ), stomatal conductance (g s ), transpiration rate (E), and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i ) of maize in the field with five levels (0, 45, 90, 150, and 225 kg · ha(-1)) of Si supplying. Experimental results showed that the va...

After the introduction of routine infant immunization with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7), the United States has witnessed a 74% decline in the number of children ,5 years of age diagnosed with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and a 30% decline among all age groups. Likewise, rates of pneumoniaand otitis media-related medical visits among children, hospitalizations for pneum...

conclusions pregabalin administered as premedication provided significant postoperative pain relief and decreased the requirement of other parenteral analgesics. pregabalin doses of 150 mg had a better analgesic profile, but the advantages of their use may be limited by side effects such as dizziness. thus, it is concluded that pregabalin doses of 75 mg may be the optimal pre-emptive dose. back...

The administration of large doses of estrogen to young male mice was followed by less extensive mammary gland growth than when small amounts of estrogens were given". The areas occupied by the mammary glands of the mice given large doses were often but little larger than the glands of untreated controls, but unlike the controls their mammary glands, although very small, had a few alveoli on the...

Bitolterol mesylate, a new beta 2 adrenergic bronchodilator, is a "pro-drug" which is activated by esterases in the lung. In order to determine the optimal bronchodilator dose of bitolterol, six doses, (0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 1.5 mg, 2.0 mg, 2.5 mg and 3.0 mg), were administered by closed-port, intermittent-flow nebulization (CPIF) to asthmatic patients on different days. For most patients, the onset ...

A dose-response study was performed in adult rats to select an optimal stable potassium iodide (KI) dose which could be implemented in repeated prophylaxis, in case of prolonged exposure to radioactive iodine. Increasing doses of KI were given orally to rats 1 hour before internal exposure simulated by I-125 injection. I-125 incorporation in the thyroid was measured by γ-spectrometry, and KI pr...

BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome that leads to poor outcome in advanced forms. The neurohormonal blockade modifies this natural history; however, it is often suboptimal. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess at what percentage cardiologists used to treating HF can prescribe target doses of drugs of proven efficacy. METHODS A total of 104 outpatients with systolic dysfuncti...