OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between in vivo measurements of optic disc topography and histomorphometric measurements of optic nerve fiber number in glaucoma. METHODS Both eyes of 10 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with laser-induced glaucoma in the right eye were studied. Optic disc topography was measured in vivo with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Histomorphometry was perf...

Optic nerve sheath meningiomas and optic nerve gliomas can be difficult to differentiate by computed tomography (CT). Three patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas were studied with a CT/T 8800 scanner with 1.5-mm-thick axial sections and intravenous contrast material. In each case, an abnormal optic nerve sheath was identified by CT. A soft-tissue mass arose from one side of the sheath in...

Optic disc drusen are congenital and developmental anomalies of the optic nerve head seen commonly in clinical practice, often as an incidental ophthalmologic finding during routine exams. Optic disc drusen are a form of calcific degeneration in some of the axons of the optic nerve. Visual acuity is often not affected but the visual fields of these patients can be abnormal and deteriorate over ...

Axonal insult induces retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death through a BAX-dependent process. The pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member BIM is known to induce BAX activation. BIM expression increased in RGCs after axonal injury and its induction was dependent on JUN. Partial and complete Bim deficiency delayed RGC death after mechanical optic nerve injury. However, in a mouse model of glaucoma, DBA/2J m...

Injury to the optic nerve may lead to axonal degeneration, followed by the gradual death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which results in irreversible vision loss. In the present study the mechanism of optic nerve injury, and the following regeneration and repair processes associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)‑regulated lipid metabolism were analyzed. In addition, the treatment of optic nerve inj...

Injured retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons do not regenerate spontaneously, causing loss of vision in glaucoma and after trauma. Recent studies have identified several strategies that induce long distance regeneration in the optic nerve. Thus, a pressing question now is whether regenerating RGC axons can find their appropriate targets. Traditional methods of assessing RGC axon regeneration use h...

Vascular luminal castings of rabbit eyes were microdissected and studied with scanning electron microscopy to elucidate the three-dimensional angioarchitecture of the optic nerve head. Using sequential microdissection, an incomplete arterial circle was identified as terminal branches of two to three short posterior ciliary arteries around the optic nerve head. Several recurrent branches from th...

The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the mouse retina and optic nerve of the prenatal and postnatal mouse by immunohistochemistry. At embryonic day (E) 18, chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S), chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) and biglycan were detected in the retina and optic nerve. However, aggrecan was seen in the retina but not in the opti...

Some electrophysiological tests are helpful in the assessment of visual disorders. The physiological basis, technical aspects and general indications of those available at most neurophysiology services are reviewed. The Full-Field electroretinogram reflects photoreceptor and inner retinal function. The Pattern electroretinogram assesses retinal ganglion cell function and can identify macular dy...