background and purpose: determined outcomes in education are based on the ultimate expectations from the medical graduates. methods: one hundred and two medical school graduates of the last 4 years of universities located in a city were asked in 2015 to self-evaluate themselves according to 42 expected skill outcomes. these 42 procedures were approved in 2007, by expert panels of iranian minist...

background: in the present study, we studied the clinical students’ viewpoints toward traditional and case study training methods. methods: this analytical descriptive study was conducted in cardiac ward of valiasr hospital in birjand from 1389 to 1390. 5 training sessions in the form of case presentation were held during a one-month course in cardiac ward. the trainer prepared a powerpoint fil...

In this paper we describe the role of teachers in the cyber-age and how new teaching methods in a computer-based learning environment can foster exploratory learning. An overview of modern e-learning technologies is described and illustrated with examples. We also present our e-learning tool CHESt; an interactive expert system that answers students' questions expressed in natural language. Then...

background: problem-based learning is a student-centered teaching method that encourages students to become active learners in the classroom and  to improve the learning processes.  the aim of this study was to compare two methods of teaching, problem- based learning (pbl) and lecture-based learning, in an embryology course. methods: this was a semi-experimental study conducted in kurdistan uni...

An estimation of distribution algorithm utilizing opposition-based learning is firstly proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, opposite population is generated from the current population by calculating opposite numbers, and the best individuals in the population with the current population and the opposite population are selected to form the next population based on fitness values. ...

A standard genetic algorithm for sorting unsigned genomes by translocations is improved in two different manners: 1. a memetic algorithm (GAMA ) is provided, which embeds a new stage of local search, based on the concept of mutation applied in only one gene; 2. an oppositionbased learning (GAOBL ) mechanism is provided, which explores the concept of internal opposition applied to a chromosome. ...

Audiovisual perception and imitation are essential for musical learning and skill acquisition. We compared professional pianists to musically naive controls with fMRI while observing piano playing finger-hand movements and serial finger-thumb opposition movements both with and without synchronous piano sound. Pianists showed stronger activations within a fronto-parieto-temporal network while ob...

Following neural network simulations of the two experiments of, argued that the opposition logic advocated by was incapable of distinguishing between single and multiple influences on performance of artificial grammar learning and more generally. We show that their simulations do not support their conclusions. We also provide different neural network simulations that do simulate the essential r...

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) (Kennedy & Eberhart, 1995) and differential evolution (DE) (Storn & Price, 1995) are two stochastic, population-based optimization methods, which have been applied successfully to a wide range of problems as summarized in Engelbrecht (2005) and Price et al. (2005). A number of variations of both PSO and DE have been developed in the past decade to improve the p...