centuries, both in amedicinal and ‘recreational’ manner. Indeed, findings of fossilized opium poppy seeds dating as far back as 30 000 yr ago suggest the use of opium by Neanderthal man. In 1799, Friedrich Serturner discovered the major active ingredient of opium, which he named morphine and opioid pharmacology was born. Morphine and its derivates are used today for the treatment of acute and c...

Parallel to the "poppy-seed defense" strategy commonly reported in the United States, donors of urine samples tested positive for opiates in Taiwan often claimed the consumption of Brown Mixture (BM) as the source of the observed morphine and codeine. Because BM contains opium powder (10.0-10.5% morphine), opium tincture (0.9-1.1% morphine), or camphorated opium tincture (0.045-0.055% morphine)...

The therapeutic entities which have been derived from the constituents of opium, the dried exudate of the incised capsule of the opium poppy, have probably spawned more scientific publications than any other drug group. The observations that only the laevorotatory isomer of morphine, the active constituent of opium, was active and that most opioid analgesic drugs had similarities in structure, ...

IN the January, 1872, number of the Indian Medical Gazette is an article on "Opium," written by Dr. Moore, wherein that gentleman states that, from personal observation, he arrives at the conclusion, " that opium-eating when moderately indulged in?as it generally is?produces no decided or even appreciable ill effect." Moreover, that the use of opium, under certain circumstances, is beneficial. ...

Drug control policies and interventions, like any other policies and interventions, generate many unintended consequences. Most often, such consequences are mentioned without being defined or presented in a typology and they are rarely explained in terms of causality. This paper will stress how the existing work on the unintended consequences of drug control policies and interventions suffers f...

The objective of this study was to estimate poppy plant height and capsule volume with remote sensing using an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). Data were obtained from field measurements and UAS flights over two poppy crops at Cambridge and Cressy in Tasmania. Imagery acquired from the UAS was used to produce dense point clouds using structure from motion (SfM) and multi-view stereopsis (MVS) te...