background: postoperative pulmonary dysfunction is one of the most frequent complications after cardiac surgery and it is believed to result from the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb). in this study, we investigated the effect of low tidal volume ventilation during cpb on postoperative gas exchange and lung mechanics. methods: this prospective randomized study included 100 patients undergoing...

Three patients with symptomatic carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) characterized by complete occlusion of the proximal internal carotid artery were treated by percutaneous puncture and embolization. Two patients had CCFs associated with traumatic dissections of the internal carotid artery and were treated initially with trapping procedures. Both patients had persistent symptoms related to the CC...

Background: Red blood cell and other blood products play a crucial role in management of different disease processes, but in spite of implementation of crucial steps to improve the process of request for blood and blood consumption, there is still not enough information available regarding the proper practice in many medical centres. We aimed to evaluate the status of blood product requests and...

surgery was the instillation of cocaine into the conjunctival sac in 1884 by an Austrian ophthalmologist, Karl Koller (1858–1944), at the suggestion of Sigmund Freud. In the UK, during the past 10 yr, amajor change in anaesthetic practice has taken place and the majority of ophthalmic surgical patients now undergo regional rather than general anaesthesia. This change has been driven in part by ...

Three case reports are presented to illustrate the existence and importance of reflex bradycardic responses that can occur during maxillofacial surgical procedures. All three patients were healthy young adults undergoing operations which did not include any manipulation of orbital structures. After the patients had been anaesthetized for some time and were haemodynamically stable, profound brad...

Ophthalmology was the first medical specialty to adopt lasers right after their invention more than 50 years ago, and they gradually revolutionized ocular imaging, diagnostics, therapy, and surgery. Challenging precision, safety, and selectivity requirements for ocular therapeutic and surgical procedures keep advancing the laser technologies, which in turn continue enabling novel applications f...

The study aimed to gauge ophthalmology resident doctors' perception of their teaching programs and various methods used in it and to formulate a well structured program for teaching ophthalmology. Closed ended and open-ended questionnaires were used for survey of ophthalmology residents in West Maharashtra, India. Sixty-seven out of 69 residents of seven residency programs completed the questio...

Cataract surgery is the commonest ophthalmic surgical procedure and a local anaesthetic technique is usually preferred but the provision of anaesthesia in terms of skills and resources varies worldwide. Intraconal and extraconal blocks using needles are commonly used. The techniques are generally safe but although rare, serious sight- and life-threatening complications have occurred following t...