This derivation of (2) is not valid, because this duality applies to inferences and theorems only, not to definitions. In fact, (1) should be treated as an axiom. Accordingly, the duality of Lemma 3.3.1 would not be valid until the dual (2) of (1) is proved independently, as we do below. Our new proof will make use of Proposition 3.3.3, the original proof of which is based on duality. So, we mu...

Answering a recent question posed by Gregori, Morillas and Sapena (“On a class of completable fuzzy metric spaces”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 161 (2010), 2193–2205) we present two examples of non strong fuzzy metrics (in the sense of George and Veeramani).

......An instruction set architecture (ISA) is one of the most important interfaces in a computer system because it divides software from hardware. Most widely used ISAs were developed decades ago and are proprietary. This may make sense because hardware implementations were and are mostly proprietary and most software was proprietary when these ISAs were developed. Today, however, we appreciat...

The notions of pre-local function, semi-local functions and α-local functions with respect to a topology and an ideal are introduced, and several properties are investigated. Also, the concept of P -I-open sets and P -I-closed sets in ideal topological spaces are discussed. Relations between I-open sets and P -I-open sets are provided, and several properties related to P -I-open sets, pre-local...

We provide an extension of the notion of chain-valued frame introduced by Pultr and Rodabaugh in [Category theoretic aspects of chain-valued frames: parts I and II, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 159 (2008) 501–528 and 529–558] by relaxing the assumption that L be a complete chain. As a result of this investigation we formulate the category L-Frm of L-frames under the weaker assumption that L is a comp...

in this paper, using pre-semi-open l-sets and their inequality, a new notion of ps-compactness is introduced in l-topological spaces, where l is a complete de morgan algebra. this notion does not depend on the structure of the basis lattice l and l does not need any distributivity.

In this state-of-the-art paper, important advances that have been made during the past five years for both general and interval type-2 fuzzy sets and systems are described. Interest in type-2 subjects is worldwide and touches on a broad range of applications and many interesting theoretical topics. The main focus of this paper is on the theoretical topics, with descriptions of what they are, wh...