The growing demand of higher capacity over longer transmission distances has seen fiber nonlinearity as a major limiting factor in modern optical transmission systems [1, 2]. Among the methods under investigation, nonlinearity compensation using optical phase conjugation (OPC) has emerged as an effective means of suppressing the nonlinear impairments [3, 4, 5]. This paper shall discuss two type...

British Journal of General Practice, November 2014 e742 BaCkground Oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) is an uncommon cancer of the head and neck region but with a growing incidence. Patients usually present after the fourth decade of life with chronic, persistent symptoms including non-tender cervical lymphadenopathy, chronic sore throat, ear pain, difficulty swallowing, pain on swallowing, and a ch...

BACKGROUND The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and overall survival (OS) in oropharynx cancer (OPC) was retrospectively examined in TAX 324, a phase III trial of sequential therapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer. METHODS Accrual for TAX 324 was completed in 2003 and data updated through 2008. Pretherapy tumor biopsies were studied by PCR for human papillomavirus type...

Failure of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation contributes significantly to failed myelin sheath regeneration (remyelination) in chronic demyelinating diseases. Although the reasons for this failure are not completely understood, several lines of evidence point to factors present following demyelination that specifically inhibit differentiation of cells capable of generating re...

It has been observed that overt and null subjects do not have the same distributional properties within the same pro-drop language. That is, there are certain grammatical and discourse principles that determine the occurrence of overt versus null pronominal subjects in a particular context (Enç, 1986; Erguvanlı-Taylan, 1986; Pérez-Leroux & Glass, 1997, 1999). For example, it is known that overt...

Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells (NSC/NPC) are gathering tangible recognition for their uses in cell therapy and cell replacement therapies for human disease, as well as a model system to continue research on overall neural developmental processes in vitro. The Subventricular Zone is one of the largest NSC/NPC niches in the developing mammalian Central Nervous System, and persists through to ad...

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. OPC is frequent in HIV/AIDS, implicating adaptive immunity. Mice are naive to Candida, yet IL-17 is induced within 24 h of infection, and susceptibility is strongly dependent on IL-17R signaling. We sought to identify the source of IL-17 during the early innate response to candidiasis. We show that ...

Yield is one of the most important factors for massive semiconductor circuits production. As process variation tolerances decrease and the number of contacts/vias increase in modern technologies, contact/via failure has increased substantially, which attracts many attentions from both manufacture and design domains. Among all the contact/via failure mechanisms, lithography related ones become m...

Assist bar Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) has been demonstrated to increase across pitch performance and depthof-focus of semi-dense to isolated lines. As the sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF) or assist bar’s size increases, so does its desired lithographic effect, as well as its undesired printability. In other words, when large assist features are required at isolated pitches, the assi...

The in vitro susceptibilities of 12 strains of Chlamydia pneumonia to a new quinolone, OPC-17116; ofloxacin; and sparfloxacin were determined. OPC-17116 was slightly less active than sparfloxacin but more active than ofloxacin, with a MIC for 90% of strains tested and a minimal chlamydiacidal concentration for 90% of strains tested of 0.5 micrograms/ml.