It has been shown that lower birthweight is associated with lower IQ, but it remains unclear whether this association is causal or spurious. We examined the relationship between birthweight and IQ in two prospective longitudinal birth cohorts: a UK cohort of 1116 twin pairs (563 monozygotic [MZ] pairs), born in 1994-95, and a New Zealand cohort of 1037 singletons born in 1972-73. IQ was tested ...

BACKGROUND Although the increased prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has been documented, little is known about its incidence. We report here on the national incidence of obesity among elementary-school children. METHODS We evaluated data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999, a representative prospective cohort of 7738 participants who...

OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and co-occurrence of disabilities and their association with parental education in preterm children and term control subjects. STUDY DESIGN In a prospective study, preterm children (n=104), born at <30 weeks' gestation or birth weight <1000 g, and term children (n=95) were assessed at corrected age 5 with an intelligence quotient (IQ) test, behavior quest...

1.1 Definitions Preterm birth (PTB) refers to the birth of a baby that occurs before 37 completed weeks of gestation. PTB can be further sub-categorized as late preterm delivery34 to 36 completed weeks gestation, moderately preterm32 to 34 completed weeks, very pretermless than 32 weeks, and extremely pretermless than 28 weeks gestation (Lockwood, et al., 2011). Preterm birth can also be define...

to study the impact of iron nanoparticles foliar application on mitigating the effects of drought stress on yield, yield components and oil percentage of goldasht spring safflower cultivar, an experiment was carried out in 2012 in the agricultural research farm station of islamic azad university, roudehen branch as split plot in a completely randomized blocks design with three replications. in ...