The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a herpes-like virus found in continuous cultures of human leukocytic cells derived from certain tumors, from bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with diseases such as leukemia and infectious mononucleosis, and from the blood leukocytes of some normal persons. EBV was discovered in lymphoid cell cultures originating from Burkitt's lymphoma (BL...

All vertebrates possess a series of genes which are homologs of the oncogenic genes of acute transforming retroviruses. Two lines of evidence suggest that these genes may play a role in the development of human malignancy: (1) DNA from a variety of human tumors transforms NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts and the transforming genes from a number of carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignancies h...

The rapidly accumulat ing evidence for the role of viruses in the et io logy of human cancer makes the topic of antiviral agents, such as vaccines, of great interest to tumor immunologists. Since direct proof of oncogenic i ty in humans is impossible, however, a discussion of the means of controlling human tumors that are potential ly virus induced must be speculative and draw primari ly on obs...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, in particular that by HPV type 16, is positively associated with cervical/genital cancer. In contrast, human adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection is negatively associated with these same cancers. AAV has also been found to inhibit the oncogenic properties of a variety of DNA viruses, including bovine papillomavirus type 1, a relative of HPV-16. Taken toge...