Better quality control for alloy manufacturing and sorting of post-consumer scraps relies heavily on the accurate determination their chemical composition. In recent decades, analytical techniques, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), laser-induced breakdown (LIBS), spark optical emission (spark-OES), found widespread use in metal industry, though only a few studies were published abo...

The steel industry is on its way towards more environmentally friendly steelmaking. To achieve the ambitious goals of significant CO2 emissions reduction, new processes, practices, sources on-line data, and digitalization together with automation will be required. address these issues, this paper discusses optical emission spectroscopy (OES) as an data acquisition method for industrial electric...

The effects of different parameters and the nitric acid concentration on sensitivity repeatability elemental analysis were characterized for liquid electrode plasma optical emission spectrometry (LEP-OES). In addition, internal standardization LEP-OES was investigated. developed method used determination lithium, potassium, iron, zinc in aqueous solutions samples with high concentrations after ...

This article will briefly describe these three techniques, and point out the important criteria by which to judge their applicability to your own analytical problems. Table 1 below shows a checklist of common analytical requirements and may help in the assessment of the techniques. For many people with an ICP-OES background, ICP-MS is a plasma with a mass spectrometer as a detector. Mass spectr...

In this work NCD films were deposited in a MW-CVD plasma chamber from an Ar/ H2/CH4 plasma and the signals of the C2 dimer in the plasma were analyzed with optical emission spectroscopy (OES) during deposition. By controlling the process parameters the intensity of the C2 emission line was systematically varied and a correlation of plasma parameters with film properties was found in an empirica...

An artificial neural network (ANN) calibration model was developed to determine aluminum in the presence of iron in soil extracts, using xylenol orange as chromogenic reagent. The spectral data of synthetic mixtures of Al(3+) and Fe(3+) as well as of the soil extracts, were recorded in the range between 410 and 580 nm. Method validation was carried out using 18 soil extracts. The results gave g...

Oesophageal (oes) and central venous pressure (CVP) were compared as indices of transpulmonary pressure change (deltap). The mean increase of deltaPoes over deltapCVP was 2.8 cm H2O. The size and variability of the increase were similar to the expected difference between oesophageal and pleural pressure fluctuations occurring in the supine patient. Central venous pressure may be more accurate a...

There is a need for reliable and independent evaluation confirmation of the postmortem interval (PMI) based on objective factors other than only changes or temperature measurements. Estimating PMI by examining concentration potassium ions in vitreous humor (VH) has tradition forensic toxicology dating back to mid-20th century. So far, methods determining presence have not been characterized ter...

D oes security trump reliability, or vice versa? In 2013, the Seventh International Conference on Software Security and Reliability (SERE) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, hosted a panel discussion with representation from industry, academia, and government to answer this question. Neither the panelists nor anyone in the audience took a firm stance. Rather, the discussion meandered from the original ...

D oes the equation x + y + z = 29 have a solution in integers? Yes: (3,1,1), for instance. How about the equation x + y + z = 30? Again yes, although this was not known until 1999: the smallest solution is (−283059965,−2218888517, 2220422932). And how about x + y + z = 33? This is an unsolved problem. Of course, number theory does not end with the study of cubic equations in three variables: on...