due to poor solubility in lipids, many of bioactive components (nutraceutical materials) show less bioactivity than optimal state in water solution. phytosomes improve absorption and bioavailability of biomaterials. liposomes, spherical shaped nanocarriers, were discovered in the 1960s by bangham. due to their composition, variability and structural properties, liposomes and phytosomes are extr...

the mobility and bioavailability of trace elements in the agricultural soils are extremely important in assessing the risk of toxicity to the growing plants. a five step sequential extraction procedure (sep) has been employed to study the speciation of as, sb, cr, cu, cd, pb, zn, ni, fe and mn in 18 soil samples neighboring an industrial complex in isfahan, central iran. enrichment factor (ef) ...

In situ gelling systems are becoming one of the most popular and well-known, with many potential benefits from delivery systems, such as ease use manufacture, improve adherence patient comfort by minimizing frequency drug administration. this review, we will describe characterization evaluation ophthalmic in gel preparation. Among them physical (appearance clarity, pH, isotonicity, gelation tem...

Peptides and proteins play an essential role in biological systems the human body. Deficiency or dysfunction of peptides such as insulin can lead to various illnesses. The therapeutic use some illnesses diabetes, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, cancer, among others, is highly considered. have large molecular structures are generally hydrophilic, maintaining their spatial composition terti...

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis patients are evaluated during treatment for various inflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and Disease Activity Score, and other immune system-related factors. In the follow-up of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, hematologic factors associated with the immune system especially Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutroph...

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of ophthalmic diseases among horse populations in the suburbian riding clubs of Tehran. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed in 901 horses and ocular lesions were diagnosed in 40 (4.4%) animals. In the 54 eyes of these horses that had ocular defects, 103 ocular abnormalities were detected. Of those horses affected, 65% showed ...

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the main curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice turmeric (Curcuma longa). In the last 50 years, in vitro and in vivo experiments supported the main role of polyphenols and curcumin for the prevention and treatment of many different inflammatory diseases and tumors.The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties of curcumin are due to different cellu...

AIMS To assess the ocular bioavailability of fluorescein from a novel water free, freeze dried ophthalmic drug delivery system compared to conventional preservative-free fluorescein eye drops. METHODS Sodium fluorescein 0.17% was dissolved in an aqueous solution of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose 1.0% (HPMC), deposited on sterilised flexible hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) carrier ...

BCS class II drugs associated as they are with low aqueous solubility and bioavailability pose an alarming challenge for the pharmaceutical scientists from the point of view of formulation by conventional methods. That is all the more surprising as around forty percent of the new generated drugs exhibit poor water solubility. However , the formulation of such drugs is now being increasingly don...

Brinzolamide (BZ) is an intraocular pressure reducing agent with low bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to overcome this issue by development of BZ containing nanoemulsions (NEs) as an ocular drug delivery system with desirable therapeutic efficacy. Brinzolamide NEs were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. Based on initial release studies, twelve formulations w...