Prior to the 1920s, the northeast Arctic (NA) cod were caught at spawning grounds ranging from the southernmost to the northernmost parts of the Norwegian coast, but have for the last 50 yr mainly been caught around the Lofoten archipelago and northwards. The NA cod have their feeding and nursery grounds in the Barents Sea, and migrate south towards the Norwegian coast in the winter to spawn. T...

Norwegian Spring Spawning herring (NSSH) Clupea harengus L. spawn on coastal banks along the west coast of Norway. The larvae are generally transported northward in the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC) with many individuals utilizing nursery grounds in the Barents Sea. The recruitment to this stock is highly variable with a few years having exceptionally good recruitment. The principal causes of...

Angular leaf spot (ALS), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae, is one of the most damaging diseases in strawberry nursery production (17). The pathogen was first reported in Minnesota in 1962 and has since been found in several U.S. states as well as strawberry-growing regions in Europe, South America, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand (12,17). The disease affects the foliage, often a...

The number of person-to-person transmitted norovirus cases (n = 4,712) in school children in Osaka, Japan, during 2016/17 was the largest since 2012/13. Norovirus outbreaks were reported by 101 schools including 53 nursery schools (1,927 cases), 18 kindergartens (1,086 cases) and 30 elementary schools (1,699 cases). The dominant genotype among outbreaks was GII.P16-GII.2 (57.4%; 58/101), follow...

Article history: Received 4 April 2016 Received in revised form 13 February 2017 Accepted 15 February 2017 Available online 16 February 2017 The relationship between the sensitive response of the caregiver and the formation of secure attachments in infants has beenwidely studied. It iswithin this framework that the present investigation examined the effect of an intervention that promotes sensi...

BACKGROUND The Great East Japan Earthquake inflicted severe damage on the Pacific coastal areas of northeast Japan. Although possible health impacts on aged or handicapped populations have been highlighted, little is known about how the serious disaster affected preschool children's health. We conducted a nationwide nursery school survey to investigate preschool children's physical development ...

BACKGROUND There is evidence that poverty, health and nutrition affect children's cognitive development. This study aimed to examine the relative contributions of both proximal and distal risk factors on child cognitive development, by breaking down the possible causal pathways through which poverty affects cognition. METHODS This cohort study collected data on family socioeconomic status, ho...

The playgroup movement started 10 years ago as a "do-ityourself" nursery school in London. It has now mushroomed into a national organization named the Preschool Playgroup Association (P.P.A.) with a membership of over 7,000 groups. Each branch area has an organizer whose expenses are paid by the local groups, and centrally there are two national advisers who are paid from a Government grant. T...

Chloropicrin fumigation, Eptam 7-E (EPTC) herbicide, and Paenibacillus macerans seed treatments were evaluated as alternatives to fumigation with methyl bromide/chloropicrin for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling production at three nurseries in the southern United States. A treatment of metam sodium/chloropicrin was also evaluated at one nursery. Seedling density was unaffected by fumigat...

We investigated an increase in cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) at a large urban facility where a prior nosocomial outbreak of MDRTB had occurred. Nosocomial transmission appeared to account for this outbreak as well, including a cluster of cases in a newborn nursery. Seven of 24 patients (29%) described in this investigation may have been exposed in the hospital nursery during...