for any $k in mathbb{n}$, the $k$-subdivision of graph $g$ is a simple graph $g^{frac{1}{k}}$, which is constructed by replacing each edge of $g$ with a path of length $k$. in [moharram n. iradmusa, on colorings of graph fractional powers, discrete math., (310) 2010, no. 10-11, 1551-1556] the $m$th power of the $n$-subdivision of $g$ has been introduced as a fractional power of $g$, denoted by ...

This paper investigates the relationship between option trading behavior and pricing patterns. We argue that greater active in options market due to investor overconfidence leads higher volatility larger discrepancies pricing, which may be captured by implied spread skewness. Using two different measures of excess trading, we find activities are correlated ways with volatility, spread, also the...

the option-pricing problem is always an important part in modern finance. assuming that the stock diffusion is a constant, some literature has introduced many stock models and given corresponding option pricing formulas within the framework of the uncertainty theory. in this paper, we propose a new stock model with uncertain stock diffusion for uncertain markets. some option pricing formulas on...

We propose a unified syntactic-semantic account of passive sentences and sentences with an unspecified object (John read). For both constructions, we employ option types for introducing implicit arguments into the syntactic-semantic categorial mechanism. We show the advantages of this approach over previous proposals in the domains of scope and unaccusatives. Unlike pure syntactic treatments, o...