Background: ART contracts involving third parties have been created while clinical reproductive treatments are globally widespread. Iran is pioneer in applying these treatments in middle-east due to shii’at jurisprudence prescribing them. This key role in region, has raised Iranian jurists’ responsibility in developing a legal system regarding administration of ART. The most significant part of...

the internet has transformed the manner of conducting commercial transactions and has created regulatory gaps. these regulatory gaps may impact the effective development of electronic commerce. attempts are being made to regulate electronic contracts both at the national and international level. the present research analyses these attempts, in particular the electronic transaction legislation o...

The focus of this article will be on the function, use and judicial recognition No Oral Modification clauses (NOM clauses). These terms usually form part entire agreement to found in numerous commercial contracts. A clause is a contractual term prescribing that an may not amended save writing signed by or behalf parties. An prevents statements representations are set out written from having for...

Pig supply chains conform differently depending on country; however, the industrial production of pig meat has led to an increasing specialization agents taking part in chain production. Nowadays, pigs are rarely produced one single farm, existence specialized farms devoted breeding, rearing, and fattening being more common since this organization provides sanitary advantages against disease ou...

in this article, we tried to identify mechanisms of technology transfer and their legal basis in buy-back contracts. then, analyze the effect of wto regulations on those contracts. in addition, answer these questions: what are legal mechanisms of technology transfer in buy-back contracts? what are the effects of acceptance of wto rules on technology transfer policies in buy-back contracts and t...