Many studies have focused on understanding the novice nursing faculty experiences on their roles and challenges that they encounter. But there are merely little evidences about Iranian novice nursing faculty experiences to perform their roles. In many universities of Iran, a novice faculty has to attend in a set of educational workshops (e.g. teaching and assessment methods), which are not base...

In some online interactions, people use avatars to represent themselves and judge whether interaction partners should be trusted. However, little is known about human accuracy in perceptions of avatar trustworthiness. We conducted a two-stage study investigate are able accurately trustworthiness avatars. Stage 1, participants created using avatarmaker.com made decisions as trustees an incentivi...

Agreement between physicians in their classification of items such as mammograms for the presence of disease is an important tool in assessing the reliability of a diagnostic procedure, and the modeling of agreement data is a popular topic in the biomedical and social sciences. Interest often lies in assessing agreement in the underlying diagnostic procedure and making inferences for the popula...

BACKGROUND With high-quality community-based primary care, hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) are considered avoidable. The purpose of this study was to test the inter-physician reliability of judgments of avoidable hospitalizations for one ACSC, uncomplicated hypertension, derived from medical chart review. METHODS We applied the Canadian Institute for Health In...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND The clinical global impression of severity (CGI-S) scale is a frequently used rating instrument for the assessment of global severity of illness in Central Nervous System (CNS) trials. Although scoring guidelines have been proposed to anchor these scores, the collection of sufficient documentation to support the derived score is not part of any standardized interview pr...

The agronomic importance of developing durably resistant cultivars has led to substantial research in the field of quantitative disease resistance (QDR) and, in particular, mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease resistance. The assessment of QDR is typically conducted by visual estimation of disease severity, which raises concern over the accuracy and precision of visual estimates. A...

Rapid turnover of novice nurses eventually results in a shortage of veteran nurses. This study aimed to clarify the factors affecting rapid turnover of novice nurses in a prospective manner. We carried out an investigation in 20 university hospitals whose directors of nursing service departments accepted our request to cooperate with our research program. These hospitals were selected from all ...

BACKGROUND A reliable and accurate estimation of liver size by physical examination is an important aspect of the clinical assessment of a patient. The scratch test uses auscultation to detect the lower liver edge by using the difference in sound transmission through the abdominal cavity over solid and hollow organs. The test is thought to be particularly useful if the abdomen is tense, distend...

The Kappa coefficient is widely used in assessing categorical agreement between two raters or two methods. It can also be extended to more than two raters (methods). When using Kappa, the shortcomings of this coefficient should be not neglected. Bias and prevalence effects lead to paradoxes of Kappa. These problems can be avoided by using some other indexes together, but the solutions of the Ka...

Background Local envenomation following snakebites is accompanied by thermal changes, which could be visualized using infrared imaging. We explored whether imaging used to differentiate venomous from non-venomous and dry bites. Methods prospectively enrolled adult patients with a history of snakebite in the past 24 hours presenting emergency teaching hospital southern India. A standardized clin...